Thematic Structure Systemic Functional Linguistics

the opposition between behavioral versus mental or relational processes. The third factor is about the structure of the clause containing the feeling. Having the term Emoter, Emotion, and Trigger, the feelings expressed through mental processes and relational processes share a difference in nature. Mental processes take both Trigger and Emoter as the participants while Relational processes the Emoter and the Emotion are the participants but the Trigger serves as an optional circumstance. The fourth factor is in relation to the gradation of the feelings. The gradation of the feelings is not discrete. The lexical items themselves do the gradation. Thus the choice of words in expressing feelings would determine the degree of the feeling. Martin and White 2001 exemplify this factors by co ntrasting ‘disliked’, ‘hated’, and ‘detested’ as the example of low, median, and high degree of feelings. The fifth factor is including the intention of the feelings. This factor divides the feelings into those, which belong to desideration and emotive mental processes. The sixth factor in affect classification needs to be discussed separately from the other factors since it groups affect into three major sets. The three major sets are namely unhappiness, insecurity, and dissatisfaction. Directly quoting from Martin and White, “The unhappiness variable covers emotions concerned with ‘affairs of the heart’, the insecurity variable covers emotion concerned with ecosocial well- being,…the dissatisfaction variable covers emotion concerned with telos the p ursuit of goals” 2005: 49. From this sixth factor, accordingly, the feelings can be mapped into the following tables with the examples of the words resembling the surge of behavior and the dispositions: Table 2.3. The Examples of Words Resembling Types of UnHappiness UNHAPPINESS Surge of behavior Disposition Unhappiness Misery [mood: ‘in me’] Whimper Cry Wail Down [low] Sad [median] Miserable [high] Antipathy [directed feeling: ‘at you’] Rubbish Abuse Revile Dislike Hate Abhor Happiness Cheer Chuckle Laugh Rejoice Cheerful Buoyant Jubilant Affection Shake hands Hug Embrace Be fond of Love Adore Table 2.4. The Examples of Words Resembling Types of InSecurity INSECURITY Surge of behavior Disposition Insecurity Disquiet Restless Twitching Shaking Uneasy Anxious Freaked out Surprise Start Cry out Faint Startled Jolted Staggered Security Confidence Declare Assert Proclaim Together Confident Assured Trust Delegate Commit Entrust Comfortable with Confident inabout Trusting Table 2.5. The Examples of Words Resembling Types of DisSatisfaction DISSATISFACTION Surge of behavior Disposition Insecurity Ennui Fidget Yawn Tune out Flat Stale Jaded Surprise Caution Scold Castigate Cross, bored with Angry, sick of Furious, fed up with Security Interest Attentive Busy Industrious Involved Absorbed Engrossed Pleasure Pat on the back Compliment Reward Satisfied, impressed Pleased, charmed Chuffed, thrilled The previous tables present the possibilities of the realization of the affect into unhappiness, insecurity, and dissatisfaction. The words as the realization are not limited to those in the tables, but any addition should pay attention to the semantic typology of the words. The main point of the categorization is the different domains of the feelings. Unhappiness is from the emoter, insecurity is from the trigger, while dissatisfaction can come from both the emoter and the trigger. Judgment is one type of attitude that evaluates people and their behavior. Different from affect, in judgment, the evaluation is not personal. It means that the evaluation is based on the norms or principles existed in the society. Therefore, the analysis or the categorization of this attitude is different from those in affect. Table 2.6. The Examples of Words Resembling Types of Social Esteem SOCIAL ESTEEM Positive [admire] Negative [criticize] Normality ‘how special?’ Lucky, fortunate, charmed, normal, natural, familiar, … Unlucky, hapless, star- crossed, odd, peculiar, eccentric, … Capacity ‘how capable?’ Powerful, vigorous, robust, sound, healthy, fit,… Mild, weak, whimpy, unsound, sick, crippled, … Tenacity ‘how dependable?’ Plucky, brave, heroic, cautious, wary, patient, … Timid, cowardly, gutless, rash, impatient, impetuous, … Table 2.7. The Examples of Words Resembling Types of Social Sanction SOCIAL SANCTION Positive [praise] Negative [condemn] veracity ‘how honest?’ Truthful, honest, credible, frank, candid, direct , … Dishonest, deceitful, lying, deceptive, manipulative, devious, … propriety ‘howfar beyond reproach?’ Good, moral, ethical, law abiding, fair, just, … Bad, immoral, evil, corrupt, unfair, unjust, …