2001 in Wodak and Meyer 2001: 103. The purpose is to show the positive self presentation and negative other presentation by analysing the local semantic items.
3.3.1.1. Transitivity
The first means in microstructure analysis was by the interpersonal relation analysis of the characters. This way was possible by observing the transitivity in
the selected clauses. The clause had to be able to show the roles of the characters and their interpersonal relation with other characters.
33 Empu Mburing begged her to forgive him A12158 34 Empu Mburing agreed at once. A12127
First, those sentences, which showed ideologies and the practice of power imbalance were analyzed by using transitivity analysis by using table as follows:
Table 3.1. Data Elicitation Example by Transitivity Analysis No
Participant Verbs
Processes Circumstance
1 Empu Mburing
her to forgive him
begged Verbal
-
2. Empu Mburing
agreed Verbal
at once
Later on, second, the data were elicited again. The analysis was done by the processes. The purpose of the analysis was to observe the participant who does the
action and the participant who receives the action. The analysis is shown in the following table:
Table 3.2. Data Analysis Example Based on The Processes No
Verb Sayer
Addressee Verbiage
Circumstance
1 begged
Empu Mburing her -
To forgive him purpose
2. agreed
Empu Mburing - -
at once time
From the analysis, sayer was a character named Empu Mburing and he did verbal processes in the words beg and agree. Combined with the semantic analysis
of the words beg and agree, the character was being verbally powerless that he begged to a character her. Other types of processes might show similar power
relation between the powerful and the powerless.
3.3.1.2. Modality
The second means in the microstructure analysis was the modality analysis. The modality might show the characters’ characteristics in terms of their ability,
potentiality, probability, usuality, requirement, or their willingness. This way was done by, first, selecting clauses containing modals. The sentence below is the
example of the use of modality found in the folktales:
32 you must never ever eat another teri fish again A12126
In sentence 32, the use of modal shows the obligation that the character you necessary to do. The character is not allowed to eat teri fish. The degree of
obligation is high. In other words, the one who propose the obligation must be highly authoritative. Being authoritative, she is more powerful than the character
you. Thus, this is evident that there is a practice of power imbalance in the story.
Second, to ease the analysis, the clauses containing modals were elicited from all the clauses of the folktales. Later on, the modals were checked into
categories based on the theories of modality. The following table is the excerpt from the analysis to observe the modality aspect employed in the folktales.
Table 3.3. Excerpt of the Analysis on Modality
No. Modal in the clauses
Proposition Proposal
Ability Potential
-ity
Proba- bility
Usuali- ty
Require- ment
Inclina -tion
1. Of all the fish that Empu
Mburing would catch, the one that he loved the most
was the ikan teri. -
- -
mid -
- 2.
but on one condition: you
must
never ever eat another teri fish again.”
- -
high -
- -
3. “I am a fisherman and
fishermen should
fish,” he said.
- -
mid -
- -
3.3.1.3. Attitudinal Analysis
The third means in the microstructure analysis was the analysis of the attitude by using language. In this way, the clauses were analyzed by using the
Language of evaluation by Martin and White 2005 to find out the appraisal towards the characters. This method was looking at the local semantic analysis of
the words characterizing the characters. The following is the example of how the analysis on the local semantic to examine the characteristics was conducted:
31 There hung about her a heavenly fragrance that had a familiar fruity quality... A12123
The sentence attached positive appreciation towards the thing fragrance by introducing fragrance with the adverb heavenly. This appreciation preserved high
value to the thing. This valuation might be interpreted that the character possesses high valuation in the society or at least she was usually regarded as having high
social status that is expected to receive high appreciation from the society. The adverb being combined with the word fragrance that later on is explanatory by the
transitivity as mental description shows that the high valuation occurs in mental processes.
