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distributes designed materials and questionaires to three English instructors of Wisma Bahasa Yogyakarta and one lecture of English Language Education
Programme of Sanata Dharma University. The suggestions and feedback will become the consideration in revising the designed materials.
8. Revising and improving the designed materials
The writer revises the designed materials based on the suggestions, criticims, and corrections from the participants in the evaluation survey step, with
a view to revising any phases of the plan that need improvements. The steps are illustrated in the following figure:
Figure 2.3: The Steps of the Designed Materials
Stating goals,
topics, and general
purposes Conducting
Needs Survey
Specifying the learning
objectives Listing the
subject content
Selecting teaching
and learning
activities Developing
the syllabus Conducting
an evaluation
survey
Revising and improving the designed materials
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This section discusses the methodology which was used in order to answer the questions concerning the problem formulation. The discussion covers the
description the research method, research participants, research instrument, data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.
A. Research Method
As it has been stated in the problem formulation, this study deals with two major problems to be solved. First, how a set of English speaking instructional
materials for mathematics teachers of the seventh grade of junior high school studying at the bilingual preparation program of Wisma Bahasa Yogyakarta is
designed. Second, what the designed set of materials looks like. To solve these two problems, the writer conducted a research method. This method is called
Educational Research and Development R D. According to Borg and Gall 1983, Educational R D is a process used to
develop and validate educational products. It aims to discover new knowledge through basic research or to answer specific questions about practical problems
through applied research Borg and Gall, 1983: 772. In this research, R D means a process to develop and validate the material design.
The process as mentioned above has ten steps that reflected on the R D cycle. They are 1 research and information collecting, 2 planning, 3
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developing preliminary form of product, 4 preliminary field testing, 5 main product revision, 6 main field testing, 7 operational product revision, 8
operational field testing, 9 final product revision, and 10 dissemination and implementation Borg and Gall, 1983: 775. In this study, however, the writer did
not employ all the Educational R D cycle. The writer conducted a small scale Educational R D cycle which only included steps one to five since the Small
Scale Educational R D had represented the main idea and purpose of Educational R D. Besides, the writer had limited time and capacity to all the
steps of R D cycle. The writer only designed the materials, not implemented the materials. It is described as follows:
1. Research and Information Collecting
This study is begun with conducting research and information collecting. A literature review is undertaken to collect research findings and other
information relevant to the planned development. The purpose of the literature review is to determine the state of knowledge in the area of concern Borg and
Gall, 1983: 777. Therefore, the writer conducted to observe the English literature related to the study, such as reading books and articles about instructional
materials, bilingual class, English for Specific Purpose, teaching speaking and Comunicative Language Teaching. It is needed to give information about the topic
and the theory of the designing English speaking instructional materials that would be used for the basis of the language learning acivities. Besides, research
and information collecting includes the description of the situation where the product would be used by conducting needs analysis in order to get data about
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learners’ needs, interests, and target of learning. This step is also the same with what Yalden calls as a needs survey.
2. Planning
Having completed the review of the literature and collected the data, the writer proceeded to the planning step of the R D cycle. Borg and Gall 1983:
779 stated that the most important aspect of planning a research based educational product is the statement of the specific objectives to be achieved by
the product. It means that the researcher must be careful in formulating the specific objectives because this is the basis to measure whether or not the
materials really match to the learners’ needs. The writer also made as interesting as possible in terms of their format to encourage students to learn and develop
their interest but still considering the content of materials. 3.
Develop Preliminary Form of the Product The next major step in the R D cycle is to build a preliminary form of
the educational product that can be field tested. It includes preparation of instructional materials. In other words, the writer interpreted and used the
information gathered from the previous steps into a set of instructional materials. The model proposed here has a possibility to be revised.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
After conducting the third step, the writer continued to do the preliminary field test. The purpose of the preliminary field test is to obtain an initial
qualitative evaluation of the new educational product Borg and Gall, 1983: 782. In this study, it was conducted to gather data from the appropriate and qualified
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participants to get opinion and feedback on the designed instructional materials by distributing and gathering questionnaires to three English instructors of Wisma
Bahasa Yogyakarta and one lecturer of English Language Education of Sanata Dharma University. However, in this study, the writer did not test the designed
materials in the field for the learners of Bilingual Preparation Program at Wisma Bahasa Yogyakarta. The writer only did evaluation survey Kemp’s evaluation.
5. Main Product Revision
It was the last step in conducting the research. Its purpose was to determine whether the designed materials meet their objectives Borg and Gall,
1983: 783. Based on the participants’ opinion and feedback conducted in the previous step, the writer revised and improved the designed materials to get more
appropriate and suitable.
B. Research Participants
There were two groups of participants in this study. They were the participants of the first survey for conducting needs analysis and the second
survey for conducting preliminary field testing. For the first survey, the participants were the mathematics teachers six people in SMP N 1 Bantul and
SMP N 3 Sleman. Their ages were between 35 to 60 years old. Most of them were bachelors and one of them was post graduate. All of them had already had the
experience of teaching bilingual mathematic class for 2 years. The writer
conducted research and information collecting by giving some questionnaires for PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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tthe participants. The writer gained the data needed to get appropriate materials based on the learners’ needs, interests, and target of learning.
The participants of the second survey were from the appropriate and qualified participants. They were three English instructors of Wisma Bahasa
Yogyakarta S1 graduates of English Language Education programme and one English lecturer at Sanata Dharma University S3 graduates. The English
instructors were involved in evaluating the designed materials because they had direct contact to the learners. All the participants were asked to judge whether the
designed materials were accepted or not and to give feedback and suggestions. Their feedback and suggestions on the designed materials were very important in
order to make some revisions and improvements of the materials. The description of participants regarding the educational background and
teaching experience is presented in Table 3.1
Table 3.1 The Description of Evaluation Survey Participants
Group of Participants
Sex Educational
Background Teaching Experience
in years F
M S1
S2 S3
1-5 6-10
11 English Instructors
of Wisma Bahasa Yogyakarta
2 1
3 -
- 3
- -
English Lecturer of Sanata Dharma
University -
1 -
- 1
- -
1
C. Research Instrument
In this research, the writer conducted two kinds of research. They were research and information collecting and preliminary field testing. Based on the
