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and b develop procedures for the teaching of the four language skills that acknowledge the interdependence of language and communication.
b. The Principles of Communicative Language Teaching
There are some principles of Communicative Languange Teaching which are described as follows:
1 The goal
The goal of language teachinglearning which use Communicative Language Teaching approach is to enable students to communicate in the target language
Larsen-Freeman, 2001: 128. To do this, students need knowledge of the linguistic forms, meanings, and functions. It means that through this approach the
students are expected to become communicatively competent – knowing when and how to say what to whom.
2 The Teacher’s Role
The teacher is the facilitator of the activities. One of hisher major responsibilities is to establish situations likely to promote communication
Larsen-Freeman, 2001: 128. Besides, he also acts as an advisor, answering students’ questions and monitoring their performance. Thus, it is necessary for the
teachers to be careful in selecting the classroom procedures and activities.
3 The Students’ Role
Communicative Language
Teaching emphasizes
the process
of communication, rather than mastery of language forms and the students should be
active because they are all communicators. Larsen-Freeman stated that they are PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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actively engaged in negotiating meaning-in trying to make themselves understood and in understanding others- even when their knowledge of the target language is
incomplete 2001: 129. It means that the students is responsible to their own learning process. In the other words, they become managers of themselves.
4 The Characteristics of the TeachingLearning Process
According to Diane Larsen and Freeman 2001: 129, there are some characteristics of teachinglearning process based on CLT. They are described as
follows: 1.
Almost everything in classroom is done based on communicative intent. It means that the activities done in class should be able to promote
communicative learning situation. 2.
The materials used in CLT classroom are authentic. It is supposed to enable students to develop strategies for understanding language as it is actually used
by native speakers. 3.
Students in small groups often carry out the activities in CLT classroom. The small groups in CLT classroom will be very effective, especially to encourage
each student to actively communicative because in small groups, the students will get more chance to speak than in a big class.
5 The Role of Instructional Materials
Richards and Rodgers 2001: 168 state that there are a wide variety of materials have been used to support communicative approaches to language
teaching. Practitioners of Communicative Language Teaching view materials as a way of influencing the quality of classroom interaction and language use.
