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X =
∑
Note: X = mean
∑ x = the sum of participants’ answer N
= the total number of learners participants The writer counted the average and then the data were presented in Table 3.3
Table 3.3 The Data of the Participants’ Opinions Blank
No. Opinion
Central Tendency x
N Mean
After the results were calculated and analyzed in term of mean, the results were then interpreted based on the criteria presented in Table 3.4.
Table 3.4 The Assessment of Central Tendency
Range Meanings
1.00 X≤ 2.00 The designed materials were very poorly designed
2.01 X≤ 3.00 The designed materials were poorly designed
3.01 X≤ 4.00 The designed materials were good and acceptable but need
some revisions 4.01
X≤ 5.00 The designed materials were well-designed and acceptable PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
54
F. Research Procedure
The description of research procedure was meant to give a clear picture in conducting the study. The steps in conducting the study are adapting the Small
Scale Educational R D cycle and the steps involved are corresponding to the adapted instructional design models the stages of designing the material which
was discussed in chapter two. Therefore, the steps of theoretical framework is not against the steps of the Small Scale Educational R D since the Small Scale
Educational R D protects the theoretical framework as its methodology to make a well designed materials. The steps are described as follows:
1. Conducting Research and Information Collecting
The writer gained the information by using two ways: review of related literature concerning to the topic or the study and needs analysis as the first step
on the adapted instructional design model named Conducting Needs Survey. First was literature review. It was used to find resources and references in the form of
books and articles that can support the researcher’s idea. Therefore, the researcher gathered the theories of instructional design models, bilingual class, English for
Specific Purposes, Communicative Language Teaching, and speaking skills. Second was needs analysis. The researcher conducted needs analysis to
gain data about the learners’ needs, interests, and target of learning English. It was done by distributing questionnaires to the mathematics teachers of SMP N 1
Bantul and SMP 3 Sleman. The data gathered from this analysis used by the researcher as the basis to design appropriate English speaking instructional
materials. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
