Kemp’s and Yalden’s Models compared

21 or work purpose. Therefore, the objectives, materials, and teaching learning activities must be suitable with the purpose or goal. 2. Need analysis is paramount to design an ESP course It means that the aim of the course is first identified by the learners need analysis. The purpose of the needs analysis is to identify and specify what the students need in learning English. It emphasizes the target of the course goal. 3. In ESP course, the participants are usually adults rather than children. People who learn in an ESP course are normally people who have experienced in learning English. They have learned English for general. They need ESP to continue their English in more specific way related to their study or work. 4. The class of ESP should come from identical learners. People who learn in an ESP course must have the same kind of work field of specialist although their ages are different one another. It is not common for an ESP class to have learners with various studies or works. 5. There is usually clear time period for the course. The objectives should closely specify and be related to the time available. It implies the collaboration and negotiation among those who involved in the course, for examples, organizer, teacher, and students.

b. Needs Analysis

Needs analysis is very important in ESP course. Needs analysis differentiates general English and English for Specific Purpose ESP. Hutchinson 22 and Waters 1987: 55 state that learner needs include target needs and learning needs. 1 Target Needs Target needs include the target situation in terms of necessities, lacks, and wants. 1. Necessities Necessities are determined by the demands of the target situation, that is, what the learners have to do in order to function effectively in the target situation. 2. Lacks It is important to know what the learners already know in order to see the learners’ lacks. 3. Wants After identifying the learners’ necessities and lacks, it is important to consider what the learners’ view of their needs is. It is necessary to conduct the students’ wants about the subject. 2 Gathering Information about Target Needs There are number of ways in which information can be gathered about needs. The most frequently used are questionnaires, interviews, observation, data collection and others. However, it is possible to use more than one method to gather the information. It is also important to remember that needs analysis is a continuing process in which the conclusions are constantly checked and re- assessed Hutchinson and Waters, 1987: 59. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI