Representation in the inter-clause combination

other texts within a text - quotation. 30 Fairclough ’s theory is developed the Intertextuality ideas by Julia Kristeva and Michael Bakhtin. As follow Fairclough theory, there is a set of other texts and a set of voices which is are potentially relevant, and pottentially incorporated into the text. Where other texts are intertextuality incorporated in a text, they may or may not be attributed. For instance, Example, an extract from Tony Blair’s speech following the attack on the World Trade Center in September 2001, includes quite a lot of non-attributed intertextuality, and this is true of the speech as a whole. One example is 31 : In the world of the Internet, information technology and TV, there will be globalization. And in trade, the problem is not that there’s too much of it; on the contrary there’s too little of it. The issue is not how to stop globalization. The issue is how we use the power of the community to combine it with justice. There is a repeated pattern here of denial followed by assertion – negative clause followed by positive clause. Denials imply the assertion „elsewhere’ of what is being denied – in this case, that someone has asserted that there is too much globalization in trade, and that the issue is how to stop globalization. In the context which this extract comes, Blair has been reffering to peo ple who „protest againts globalization’. What he is implying is that these people do assert or have asserted these things, but he is not actually attributing the assertions to them. In fact, many who „protest againts globalization’ are not claiming that there is „too 30 Fairclough, Norman. Analysing Discourse – Textual Analysis Fo Social Research. Op Cit. P. 40 31 Ibid. P. 41 much’ of it in trade or that it should be „stopped’, but rather that there is a need to redress imbalance of power in the way in which international trade in increasing. 32 The analysis is a simulated dialogue in which Blair does not so much represent a critical voice as dramatically enact a dialouge with such a voice, which appears as a series of injunctions. Yet he does attribute the words of his imaginary, interlocutir, though vaguely, to „some’. 33 One important contrast in reporting is between reports which are relatively „faithful’ to what is reported, quoting it, claiming to reproduce what was actually said or written, and those which are not. This is the difference between „direct’ and „indirect’ reporting: 34 Direct reporting : Quotation, purportedly the actual words used, in quotation marks, with a reporting clause She said: „He’ll be there by now’ Indirect reporting : Summary, the content of what was said or written, not the actual words used, no quotation marks, with a reporting clause Sh e said he’d be there by then. Shifts in the tense becomes „he’d’ and deixis „now’ becomes „then’ ofdirect reports. Free Indirect Speech : Intermadiate between direct and indirect – it has some of the tense and deixis shifts typical of indirect speech, but without a reporting clause. It is mainly significant in literary language Mary gazed out of the window. He would be there by now. She smiled to herself Narrative report of speech act : Reports the sort of speech act without reporting its content She made a prediction The former claims to reproduce the actual words used, the latter does not; a summary may reword what is actually said or written. The reported speech, 32 Ibid. P. 42 33 Ibid. P. 42 34 Ibid. P. 42-43