CHAPTER II THEORETICAL DESCIRPTION
A. Previous Research
The analysis is not the first time. First of all, there are researches on Critical Discourse Analysis which focus on discourse in mass media.
Alfi Syahriyani in 2011, uses Teun Van Dijk theory of her analysis on Indonesian national media online, KOMPAS, with title,
“Rhetoric of the Relationship between United States and Indonesia in Obamas Speech at UI: A
Critical Discourse Analysis Approach”. Kompas.com on 11 September 2010 noted the Obamas speech at UI is a great one, whose influence is equivalent to his
speech delivered in Cairo, Egypt. This study analyzes the rhetorical strategy of Obamas speech transcription released by the White House, using Critical
Discourse Analysis CDA as the main theory, and Gramscis hegemony as the supporting theory.
Another research with using mass media in Indonesia is Mohammad Rinaldi in 2011 with title,
“The US Liberal-Democracy Ideology Hegemony And The Global War On Terror Discourse In Mass Media A Critical Discourse Analysis
On The Killing Of Usamah Bin Ladin By US Troops Coverage in Kompas Daily”. This research observed mass media as a contested terrain. In such
context, the discourse represented through news in mass media which is perceived
as representing the dominant power. This research was analyzed how US liberal- democracy ideology hegemony was taken part into the war on terror discourse
propagation throughout Indonesian national mass media. Then, Devfanny Aprilia Artha in 2012 examined the discourse in the media
liputan6 about, “Representation of FPI at Online Media: Critical Discourse
Analysis of News Portal www.liputan6.com
”. This study critics the role of the media in shaping public thinking about a real it after the New Order era and the
era of liberalization of the press took place. In short, the analysis in the research is same as three researches above, that
analyze how the text represents the perspective in mass media, by the CDA theory. However, the researcher includes Intertextuality in the analysis to see the
relation of the internal text and external text. All of the analysis, the researcher uses Norman Fairclough CDA theories, and International mass media online,
CNN Cable News Network published on 10 November 2013.
B. Concept
1. Discourse and Discourse Analysis
The word discourse is usually defined as language beyond the sentence and the analysis of discourse is typically concern with the study of language in
text and conversation
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or discourse is a unity of meaning semantics turf in the wake of a unified language for each part in the discourse that relate coherent.
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Then, discourse analysis is a systematically text which contains an ideology. In some perspectives, ideology and manner which are legitimized and achieve
dominance a central issue in textual analysis.
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2. Critical Discourse Analysis
Toward the end of cold war critical scholar begin to emerge in Eastern Europe, and in socially turbulent environment that followed the collapse of the
Soviet Union many scholars are comforting the new emergent discourses of capitalism and its attendant social and political problems.
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Critical Discourse Analysis CDA is crucially interested in the social conditions of discourse, and specifically in questions of power and power abuse,
but has also failed to develop more explicit theories of context as a foundation for its own critical enterprise. Obviously, power is not shown just in some of the
aspects of “powerful speech,” and we need insight into the whole, complex context in order to know how power is related to text and talk, and more generally
how discourse reproduces social structure.
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With such dissident research, critical
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Yule, George. The study of language; third edition. London: cambridge university press 2006. P. 124
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Kushartanti. Pesona Bahasa, Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama 2005. P. 93
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Fairclough, Norman. Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language Longman Publisher: 1995. P. 73
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Wodak, Ruth and Paul Chilton. A New Agenda In Critical Discourse Analysis John Benjamins Publishing Company: 2005. Preface
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Van Dijk, Teun A. Discourse and Context: A Sociocognitive Approach Cambridge University Press: 2008. Preface
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