1.2. Representation in clause combination
In the analysis, speakers and writers have to do more than connect clauses within sentences. They must also connect sentences across whole texts. The
grammatical devices is used to create such connections that are called cohesion devices. They signal to the hearer of the connections between the sentences of the
text are part of making a text sound like it hangs together.
26
The first section deals with the connections evident in the discourse, with cohesion. Michael Halliday and Ruquaiya Hassan 1976 are the first to analyze
this kind of discourse connection. They are divided five types of cohesion.
27
Table.2.2.Cohesion Theory by Halliday Hassan
The types of Cohesion The example
Substitution replacement word
These biscuits are state. Get some fresh ones.
Ellipsis omission word
These biscuits are state. Get some fresh.
Reference:
Pronoun I see John is here. He
hasn’t changed a bit Determiner
A man crossed the street. Nobody saw what
happened. Suddenly, the man was lying there and calling for help
Conjunction:
Addition He no longer goes to school and is planning to
look for a job. Temporality
After the car had been repaired, we were able
to continue our journey. Causality
He is not going to school today because he is sick
Lexical Cohesion: Reiteration
Repetition A conference will be held on national
environmental policy. At this conference the
26
Paul Gee, James. An Introduction to Discourse Analysistheory and method: second edition routledge:2005 . P. 191-192
27
Renkema, Jan. Introduction to Discourse Studies. John Benyamins Publishing Company, Philadelphia: 2004. P. 103
issue of salination will play an important role. Synonymy
A conference will be held on national environmental policy
. This environmental symposium
will be primarily a conference dealing with water.
Hyponymy We were in town today shopping for furniture.
We saw a lovely table Meronymy
At its six-month checkup, the brakes had to be repaired. In general, however, the car was in
good condition. Antonymy
The old movies just don’t do it any more. The
new ones are more appealing.
Collocation The hedgehog scurried across the road. Its
speed surprised me.
In indirect speech on the article of CNN “Kerry: U.S. isn‟t „blind‟ or
„stupid‟ on Iran” 10 November 2013 edition, the writer only finds the reference, conjunction, and lexical cohesion as cohesion devices on the representation in
clause combination analysis.
1.3. Representation in the inter-clause combination
The analysis focuses on how the sentences arrange and how the participant representation which is shown by the journalist in the representation inter-clause
combination. This representation relates to which part in the sentence which more prominent and compared with another part. One of the important aspects is
whether participant is considered stand alone or is shown by giving reaction in a
text. The important is how a statement is shown by the text. For example
28
, in this way, the sentence shows a pro and con by journalist redaction, as follows:
28
Eriyanto, Op Cit. P.299
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