discourse analysis, takes explicit position, and thus want to understand, expose, and ultimately resist social inequality. The aim of Critical Discourse Analysis is
that the researcher analyzes the discourse at the level on the text, history, and the context, all of it.
13
3. Norman Fairclough
’s CDA Theory
Norman Faircloughs Critical Discourse Analysis is not just a reflective studies of those issues canvassed above. CDA is consolidated here as a three-
dimensional framework where the aim is to map three separate forms of analysis onto one another: analysis of spoken or written language texts, analysis of
discourse practice processes of text production, distribution and consumption and analysis of discursive events as instances of socio-cultural practice.
14
Fairclough describes Critical Discourse Analysis CDA that is to systematically explore often opaque relationships of causality and determination
between a discursive practice, events and texts, and b wider social and cultural structures, relations and processes to investigate how much practices, events, and
texts arise out of and are ideologically shaped by relation of power and struggles over power.
15
He shows how media illustrate the mediating and constructing roles with a variety of example. By the explanations above, those are three dimensions of
13
Van Dijk, Teun A. Ibid.
14
Fairclough, Norman. Op Cit.
15
Locke, Terry. Continuum Research Method Critical Discourse Analysis. London-New York: 1976. P. 2.
Fairclough’s CDA theory, to proof how the media contains a power into the news.
The dimensions are as follows: A.
Text
Text transforms in systematic ways across these boundaries, and even media orders of discourse the text production process may involve complex chains of
discursive practices and transformations.
16
The text consists of any structureslevel that supported each other. Although it consists of different
element, but the element is a unity, relate and support each other.
17
According to Fairclough, Texts are social spaces in which two fundamental social processes simultaneously occur: cognition and representation of the world,
and social interaction.
18
He sees the text on the level. Text, not only show how an object is described, but also how the relation of object is defined. There are three
elements of text by Fairclough is as follows:
Table.2.1.Text Analysis of Norman Fairclough
’s CDA Theory The Elements
To See
Representation How the event, people, public, situation or
anything are shown and described in the text. Relation
How the relation between journalist, public, and news participants are shown and described in the
text. Identity
How journalist’s, public’s and news participant’s identity are shown and described in
the text.
16
Fairclough, Norman. Op Cit. P. 13
17
Van Dijk, Teun A. Op Cit.
18
Fairclough, Norman. Op Cit. P. 06
