the words. But still, it is better to read them aloud, and try to make up sentences using those new words.
6. Imagining Another way to help students to learn a new vocabulary is by imagining
the mental picture that represents the word. A test has shown that vocabulary which can be visualized easily are more memorable than words that
can’t immediately evoke a picture.
7. Motivation Having a motivation means that students have willingness to spend more
time on the new words that will be learnt which will go to the long term memory in the end. Unfortunately, not every student has this kind of motivation. But it
doesn’t mean that students with low motivation cannot learn new words. It is teacher’s duty to somehow put them in an environment that will make them learn.
Vocabulary learning is considered success when the words taught can stay in the long term memory. It means that the words taught have been
successfully plant in the memory. Students can easily recognize the concept, meaning and the detail of a certain word when it is mentioned, and make use of
the words constantly when the words are put in the long term memory. In order to be able to successfully learn vocabulary, teacher has to emphasize those factors in
learning vocabulary.
e. Some Trends in Vocabulary Teaching
According to Coady and Huckin 1997: 5 there are some historical trends in vocabulary instruction as mentioned below:
1. Grammar Translation Method The use of grammar translation method in language teaching and
learning is proposed by a German scholar. The main objective of this method is to know as many detailed information as possible about a particular thing. This
language teaching approach dominated Europe for over a century from 1840s to 1940s. This teaching method is also widely applied in our educational field at any
level. This language teaching method has several characteristics as the following:
1 Classes are taught in the students’ mother tongue, with little active use of the
target language. 2 Vocabulary is taught in the form of isolated word lists.
3 Elaborate explanation of grammar is always provided. 4 Vocabulary is based on reading texts, and they are taught through their
equivalents in the source language, and through memorization. 5 Much attention in teaching a language is paid to the sentence and translating it
into and out of the target language. 6 Little attention is paid to the content of texts.
7 Drills are exercises in translating disconnected sentences from the target language into the mother tongue, and vice versa.
8 Grammar is taught deductively. 2. The Reform Movement
The reform movement was estabilished to against the Gramar Translation Method. It believes that learners should learn more about sentences rather than
words. Sentences is the unit of language, not the words. Although language is made up of words, people do not speak in words, but in sentences. The reformers
emphasized on: 1 Primacy of spoken language and phonetic training.
2 Fluency and accuracy in pronuncing a connected passages. 3 Maintain association between a stream of speech and the referents outside the
world. 4 Avoiding lists of separated words and isolated sentences.
3. The Reading MethodSituational Language Teaching The Reading Method was established in around 1920 in United States,
and the Situational Language Teaching was established around 1930 in Great Britain. The Reading Method was aimed primarily to improve reading skill by
improving vocabulary skill. Vocabulary acquisition and practice is central in this method. It is considered as the primary thing in learning a language. This method
emphasized on mastering as many high-frequency vocabulary as possible to be able to learn a language. In line with that, vocabulary is also a central issue in
