Significance of The Research

which have to be considered to be able to learn vocabulary successfully as mentioned below: 1. Repetition One of the most effective ways to learn a new vocabulary is by repeating to practice the material while it is still in working memory. But furthermore, repetition will work at its best when students encounter the new word again and again over the time. For example, when reading a text, a new word will have a great chance to be learnt when the word is met at least seven times over spaced interval. 2. Retrieval It is another kind of repetition which will enable students to recall a word again and again. The retrieval practice can be in the form of using the new word in written sentences to make students make use of the word and are forced to perform operation on it. Thus, the word will have bigger chance to be memorized. 3. Spacing In this case, spacing means to have a space or period in learning a set of materials. For example when students are about to learn a set of new words, it is better to learn the first two or three words, and then have test regarding it to make sure that students have already memorized it properly. Students can learn some more after it, go back, test it, and so on, and have an overall test in the end of the learning process. 4. Pacing This means allowing students to have thei r own “memory work”. Giving some time during the learning process will give opportunity to students to pace their own rehearsal activity such as organizing or reviewing their vocabulary silently and individually. It is such a great activity since students may have different learning styles, and rates in processing data. 5. Personal Organizing The judgments that students make about a new vocabulary are most effective if they are personalized. Students who read a sentence aloud containing new words will be able to recall better than students who simply silently rehearse the words. But still, it is better to read them aloud, and try to make up sentences using those new words. 6. Imagining Another way to help students to learn a new vocabulary is by imagining the mental picture that represents the word. A test has shown that vocabulary which can be visualized easily are more memorable than words that can’t immediately evoke a picture. 7. Motivation Having a motivation means that students have willingness to spend more time on the new words that will be learnt which will go to the long term memory in the end. Unfortunately, not every student has this kind of motivation. But it doesn’t mean that students with low motivation cannot learn new words. It is teacher’s duty to somehow put them in an environment that will make them learn. Vocabulary learning is considered success when the words taught can stay in the long term memory. It means that the words taught have been successfully plant in the memory. Students can easily recognize the concept, meaning and the detail of a certain word when it is mentioned, and make use of the words constantly when the words are put in the long term memory. In order to be able to successfully learn vocabulary, teacher has to emphasize those factors in learning vocabulary.

e. Some Trends in Vocabulary Teaching

According to Coady and Huckin 1997: 5 there are some historical trends in vocabulary instruction as mentioned below: 1. Grammar Translation Method The use of grammar translation method in language teaching and learning is proposed by a German scholar. The main objective of this method is to know as many detailed information as possible about a particular thing. This language teaching approach dominated Europe for over a century from 1840s to 1940s. This teaching method is also widely applied in our educational field at any level. This language teaching method has several characteristics as the following: