The Prefix be- The Prefix un- The Suffix –ize The Suffix –ify

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i. The Prefix be-

The prefix be- may be attached to the base froms of the nouns Examples be- + friend noun = befriend verb ‘ to make a friend of ‘ be- + devil noun = bedevil verb ‘ to seduce or to make confuse’ be- + little noun = belittle verb ‘ to cause to seem unimportant ‘

j. The Prefix un-

The prefix un- may be attached to the base forms of the nouns Examples. un- + load noun = unload verb ‘ to move a thing from ‘ un- + pack noun = unpack verb‘ to take out a thing ‘ un- + loose noun = unloose verb‘ to make something loose ‘

4.4.1.2 The English Suffix a. The Suffix

–en The suffix –en may be attached to the base forms of the nouns and the adjectives Examples. length noun + -en = lengthen verb ‘to make or become longer ‘ fright noun + -en = frightenverb ‘ to make or to become fright ‘ sharp adjective + -en = sharpenverb ‘ to make something sharp ‘

b. The Suffix –ize

The suffix –ize may be attached to the base forms of the nouns Examples. victim noun + -ize = victimize verb ’ to make someone suffer ‘ Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara 85 human noun + -ize = humanize verb‘ to make someone human’ patron noun + -ize = patronize verb ‘ to act as patron towords ‘

c. The Suffix –ify

The suffix –ify may be attached to the base froms of the nouns Examples beauty noun + -ify = beautify verb ‘ to make someone beautiful ‘ class noun + -ify = classify verb‘ to arrange in class or group ‘ amply noun + -ify = amplify verb‘ to make larger or fuller information’ The Karonese prefixes and suffixes which are attached to the base forms of the adjectives, nouns, verbs, and numerals in order to form the verbs

4.4.1.3 The Karonese Prefix a.The Prefix

er- The prefix er- may be attached to the base forms of the nouns Examples. er- + kabeng noun = erkabeng verb ‘ to have wings ‘ er- + pemegi noun = erpemegi verb ‘ to have hearing ‘ er- + juma noun = erjuma verb ‘ to work as a farmer ‘ er- + kesah noun = erkesah verb ‘ to have breath, to breathe Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara 86

b. The Prefix per –