The Prefix per – The Prefix pe- The Prefix – i The Suffix –ize

93 The meanings or notions of Karonese prefixes may be described as follows:

4.4.2.2 The Karonese Prefix a.The Prefix

er- The meaning of the prefix er- may be described as follows -To state the meaning of ‘ to have ‘ of what is mentioned in the base forms Examples. er- + kabeng = erkabeng‘ to have wings ‘ er- + pemegi = erpemegi ‘ to have hearing ‘ er- + kesah = erkesah ‘ to have breath, to breathe’ -To state the meaning of ‘to work’ of what is mentioned in the base forms Examples. er- + juma = erjuma‘ to work as a farmer ‘

b. The Prefix per –

The meaning of the prefix per – may be desceribed as follows -To state the meaning of ‘ to become one ‘of what is mentioned in the base form Examples. per- + sada = persada ‘ to become one ‘ -To state the meaning of ‘ to devide ‘ of what is mentioned in the base forms per- + dua = perdua ‘ to devide in half ‘ per- + telu = pertelu‘ to devide into three’ per- + pitu = perpitu ‘ to devide into seven’ Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara 94

c. The Prefix pe-

The meaning of the prefix pe- may be explained as follows: -To state the meaning of ‘ to make ‘ of what is mentioned in the base forms Examples. pe- + galang = pegalang ‘ to make something bigger ‘ pe- + kitik = pekitik ‘ to make something smaller ‘ -To state the meaning of ‘ to ask someone to go ‘ of what is mentioned in the base forms Examples. pe- + lawes = pelawes ‘to ask someone to go

d. The Prefix – i

The meaning of the prefix –i is state the meaning of ‘passive’ of what is mentioned in the base forms. Examples. i- + pekpek verb = ipekpek verb ’ to be hit ‘ i- + tukur verb = itukur verb ‘ to be bought ‘ i- + buat verb = ibuat verb ‘ to be taken ‘ i- + pan verb = ipan verb ‘ to be eaten Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara 95 The meanings or notions of English suffixes may be described as follows:

4.4.2.3 The English Suffix a. The Suffix

–en The meaning of the suffix –en is to state the meaning of ‘ to make ‘ of what is mentioned in the base forms Examples. length + -en = lengthen ‘to make or become longer ‘ fright + -en = frighten ‘ to make or to become fright ‘ sharp + -en = sharpen ‘ to make something sharp ‘

b. The Suffix –ize

The suffix –ize may be described as follow -To state the meaning of ‘to make’ of what is mentioned in the base forms Examples. victim + -ize = victimize ’ to make someone suffer ‘ human + -ize = humanize ‘ to make someone human’ -To state the meaning of ‘ to act with qualities ‘ of what is mentioned in the base forms Examples patron + -ize = patronize ‘ to act as patron towords ‘

c. The Suffix –ify