The Prefix be- The Prefix un- The Suffix –ize The Prefix per –

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i. The Prefix be-

The function of the prefix be- changes the word-class catagory when it is attached to the base forms beginning with consonats in order to form the verbs Examples be- + friend noun = befriend verb ‘ to make a friend of ‘ be- + devil noun = bedevil verb ‘ to seduce or to make confuse ’ be- + little noun = belittle verb ‘ to cause to seem unimportant ‘

j. The Prefix un-

The function of the prefix un- changes the word-class catagory when it is attched to the forms beginning with consonants in order to form the verbs Examples. un- + load noun = unload verb ‘ to move a thing from ‘ un- + pack noun = unpack verb‘ to take out a thing ‘ un- + loose noun = unloose verb‘ to make something loose ‘

4.1.3.2 The English Suffix a.The Suffix

–en The function of the suffix –en changes the word-class catagory when it is attached to the base forms ending with consonants in order to form the verbs Examples. length noun + -en = lengthen verb ‘to make or become longer ‘ fright noun + -en = frightenverb ‘ to make or to become fright ‘ sharp adjective + -en = sharpenverb ‘ to make something sharp ‘ Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara 40

b. The Suffix –ize

The function of the suffix –ize changes the word-class catagory when it is attached to the base forms ending with consonants in order to create the verbs Examples. victim noun + -ize = victimize verb ’ to make someone suffer ‘ human noun + -ize = humanize verb‘ to make someone human’ patron noun + -ize = patronize verb ‘ to act as patron towords ‘

c. The Suffix –ify

The function of the suffix –ify changes the word-class catagory when it is attached to base forms ending with vowel or consonants in order to create the verbs Examples beauty noun + -ify = beautify verb ‘ to make someone beautiful ‘ class noun + -ify = classify verb‘ to arrange in class or group ‘ amply noun + -ify = amplify verb‘ to make larger or fuller information’

4.1.4 The Functions in Karonese

The functions deal with the process whether the affixes change or maintain the word- class category of the words after being attached to the base forms

4.1.4.1 The Karonese Prefix a.The Prefix

er- The function of the prefix er- changes the word-class category of the word when attached to the base forms Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara 41 Examples. er- + kabeng noun = erkabeng verb ‘ to have wings ‘ er- + pemegi noun = erpemegi verb ‘ to have hearing ‘ er- + juma noun = erjuma verb ‘ to work as a farmer ‘ er- + kesah noun = erkesah verb ‘ to have breath, to breathe’

b. The Prefix per –

The functions of the prefix per – changes the word-class category of the word when attached to the base forms Examples. per- + sada numeral = persada verb ‘ to become one ‘ per- + dua numeral = perdua verb ‘ to devide in half ‘ per- + telu numeral = pertelu verb ‘ to devide into three’ per- + pitu numeral = perpitu verb ‘ to devide into seven’

c. The Prefix pe-