The researcher modifies the equivalence indicator because all data in this study are assessed using dynamic equivalence. Since the data are assessed using
dynamic equivalence, the form of the structure does not have to be exactly the same as the source text.
The range of the average score to measure the equivalence score proposed by Nababan is also modified. The aim of modifying the score range category is to
make it more detail than the original version.
Score Equivalence Category
1.00 – 1.50
Equivalent 1.51
– 2.00 Not Equivalent
Table 2.2. Table of Equivalence’s Score Category Modification of Nababan’s
translation quality assessment’s scale and indicator
3. Theories of Readability
Richard in Nababan 1999:62 states that readability is how people can simply understand the meaning of a text, while according to Elkins,
“readability is simply how your masterpiece is easily comprehends
” 2001:1. From the definitions above it is clear that a text is considered as readable if the reader does
not get confused when they read the text. To be able to measure that the translated text can be read and understood,
Nababan provides his readability rating instrument with some modification as to find the readable score of the translation in the TT such as follows:
Table 2.3. Table of Readability Indicator Nababan, 2004:54-65, with modification
The average score to measure the readability score proposed by Nababan is as follows:
Score Readability Criterion
1 – 1.6
Readable 1.7
– 2.3 Quite Readable
2.4 – 3
Not Readable
Table 2.4. Table of Readability’s Score Indicator Nababan, 2004:54-65, with modification
4. Theories of Discourse Marker
Discourse marker is a words or phrases that is used to direct or redirect the flow of conversations and has no particular grammatical function and
syntactically independent. Jucker, Andreas H. and Yael Ziv, 2004:117 It means that discourse marker should be analyzed on the level of a disourse rather than a
sentence. According to them, there are ten functions of discourse marker; discourse
connector, turn-takers, confirmation-seekers, intimacy-signals, topic-switchers,
Score Readability
Criterion Readability Indicator
1 Readable
Text is easy to read and can be understood by the reader.
2 Quite Readable
Text is not easy to be understood, indicated by ambigous meaning.
3 Not Readable
Text cannot be understood.
hesitation markersfillers, prompters, repair markers, attitude markers, and hedging devices.
Winda Adeputri Djohar in her undergraduate thesis, “The Equivalence and The Acceptability of The Translation of Discourse Markers in John Boyne‟s The
Boy in the Striped Pyjamas ”, explains some of the functions as follow:
1. Confirmation-seekers
: markers that are used by the speaker to confirm what he has said, such as
isn’t it?, right?, okay?, etc. 2.
Intimacy-signal : words that are used by the speakers and
other participants as to show the closeness among them, such as names, babe, love, daddy, etc.
3. Topic-switchers : discourse markers which are used by the speaker
to change or switch the topic from the previous topic into another topic.
4. Discourse connector : connecting the prior discourse and the current
utterance, such as so and therefore. Jucker, Andreas H. and Yael Ziv, 2004:2
Other explanations from some resources explain the other funtions as follow:
1. Attitude marker : markers that are used to “make a comment on the
message conveyed
by a
speaker or
writer. ”
legacy.australianetwork.com 2.
Repair marker : markers that are used “when speakers need to repair, correct or edit their utterance in the process of having a
