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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Studies
There are two related studies done by other researchers on similar topic. The first study is related to the translation of discourse markers done by Winda
Adeputri Djohar 2012 entitled “The Equivalence and The Acceptability of The Translation of Discourse Markers in John Boyne‟s The Boy in the Striped
Pyjamas ”. In this study, Djohar explains about five out of ten functions of
discourse markers as stated by Andreas H. Jucker in his book Discourse Markers: Descriptions and Theory
. Those functions are discourse marker as discourse connector, turn-takers, confirmation-seekers, intimacy-signals, topic-switchers,
hesitation markersfillers, prompters, repair markers, attitude markers, and hedging devices. However, in this study, Djohar only chooses the first five
functions of discourse marker as her focus. She also gives an analysis of the data found in the translation of The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas. The analysis does not
come only from Djohar herself, but also from other people as the correspondents of her questionnaires to assess the equivalence and acceptability of the translation
of discourse markers as her focus on her study. The second study is conducted by Aluysia Vicka Tunjung Sari 2013
entitled “The Domesticated Translation of the Terms Related to “Tools” in Toer‟s This Earth of Mankind
: A Study of Accuracy and Readability”. In this study, Sari focuses on the domesticated translation of
the terms related to “tools” in the
English version of Pramoedya Ananta Toer‟s novel The Earth of Mankind. She assesses those terms by the accuracy and readability to find the advantages of
applying such domesticated strategy in Toer‟s novel. It results that there are two advantages of applying the domesticated strategy in Toer‟s The Earth of Mankind;
the first is it enables the readers to comprehend the text easily and second; it minimizes the unfamiliarity of foreign text. From the readability aspect, she
mentions that the domesticated strategy applied in Toer‟s The Earth of Mankind makes the terms can be understood easily, even though some terms are still
considered as not quite readable due to the fact that there are still some foreign terms.
In this thesis, the researcher focuses on the translation of discourse markers in Nicholas Sparks‟ novel Safe Haven in order to find out whether the
translation of the discourse are equivalent and readable or not. The researcher chooses seven out of ten functions of discourse marker as stated by Andreas H.
Jucker in his book “Discourse Marker: Introduction”. Discourse Markers:
Descriptions and Theory . Those seven functions are discourse marker as
discourse connector, confirmation-seekers, intimacy-signals, topic-switchers, hesitation markersfillers, repair markers, and attitude markers. The researcher
assessed the translation based on the readability and equivalence indicator purposed by Nababan with some modifications in it. This study is different from
the previous study done by Djohar because she discussed the equivalence and acceptability of the translation of discourse markers. She only discussed five out
of ten functions of discourse markers while this study discusses the equivalence
and readability of seven functions of the discourse markers found in the Sparks‟
Safe Haven . Moreover, this study is also different from the second study because
this study does not look for the accuracy and advantages of using domesticated strategy applied in the novel but the readability of the translation of all discourse
markers found in Sparks‟ novel.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theories of Translation
According to Roger T. Bell, translation is “the expression in another
language or target language of what has been expressed in another source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences” 1991:5. It means a
translation is not only about transfer language and culture, but also to make the TT equivalent with the ST.
Meanwhile, according to Nida and Taber in their book: Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest
natural equivalent of the target language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style 1974:12.
It means translation is a process to deliver a message from one language
SL to another language TL with the closest same meaning.
2. Theories of Equivalence
Eugene A. Nida in his book, states that translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language
message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style 1974:14.
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