Internal temperature Visual Observation
4.2. Internal temperature
The measurements of pepes internal temperature showed that all treatments exceeded the minimum standard of internal temperature of 63 °C. The average internal temperature pepes are 73.8 °C of A 1 treatment cooking for 4 minutes, 76.1 °C of A 2 cooking for 5 minutes and 81.7 ° C of A 3 cooking for 6 minutes Figure 3. Increasing cooking time caused increase in pepes internal temperature. Similar result has been reported for cooked meat by microwave oven [19] . Fig. 3: Internal temperature of pepes processed by microwave oven Cooking could increase pepes internal temperature due to heat transfer from heat source. There are three modes of heat transfer, which contribute to the overall heat transfer process in differing proportions namely conduction, convection and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat by molecular motion in solid bodies. Convection is the transfer of heat by fluid flow, created by density differences and buoyancy effects, in fluid products. Radiation is the transfer of electromagnetic energy between two bodies at different temperatures [24] .4.3. Visual Observation
Visually, pepes from A 1 treatment cooking time of 4 minutes produced rare state of pepes . This was shown by clear, reddish flesh, a transparent fat in the abdominal area and in the abdominal cavity, moist and chewy texture of flesh, flesh was attached to bone and moist texture of spices. Both A 2 cooking for 5 minutes and A 3 treatments cooking for 6 minutes produced a well done state of pepes and shown by typical brownish white-coloured flesh, white fat in the abdominal area and in the abdominal cavity, moist and tender texture of flesh and spices, and flesh was easily removed from bone. Fish heating converts the translucent, jelly-like cellular mass into an opaque, friable, slightly firm and springy form. Synaeresis or shrinkage occurs and fluid is release, the proteins in which may coagulate to Proceeding of 2013 International Seminar on Climate Change and Food Security ISCCFS 2013 Palembang, South Sumatra -Indonesia, 24-25 October,2013 167 form curd separately from the main solid mass. As noted above, the connective tissue holding the cells together is easily degraded and blocks of cells or the cells themselves become readily separated from one another. Thus, unlikely many meats, cooked fish easily falls apart and becomes palatable on mild heating [25] .5. Conclusion
Parts
» Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Introduction Food Security Issues in Developing Economies
» Evidences of Climate Change Impacts Policy Responses
» Introduction Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Climate Information Proposed Innovations: Research Needs
» Climate Forecast Application Precision Agriculture
» Crop Cultivar Adaptive to Climate Change
» . Climate Index Insurance Proposed Innovations: Research Needs
» Summary References Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Background Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Method Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Result and Discussion Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Conclusion References Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Literature Review Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Literature Review Method Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Background Literature Review Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Performance of PT Agro Andira The Partnership of PT Andira Agro with The Farmer’s
» Socio-Economic Conditions Community on SISKA Development Area Individual Characteristics of
» . Potential and Performance Famer Groups Institutional There were 13 farmer groups from
» Method Conclusion References Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Theoretical model and dynamic supply analysis. Results and discussion
» Conclusions References Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture
» References Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» World production and consumption of soybean Soybean supply and utilization in Indonesia
» Climate change effect on soybean production
» Background Discussion Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Method Result and Discussion
» Assessing Library Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Method Results and Discussion
» Research Framework Research Method
» Literatur Review Reseach Methods
» Results and Discussion Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Food Insecurity Literature Review
» Challenges related to the availability of food a. Challenges related to access to food
» Introduction Methodology Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Analysis factors which affect on rice consumption
» Supply Chains Management Communication Perspective of SCM
» Materials and Method Result and Discussion
» Land Conversion Literature Review
» Grain price at the Farmer’s Level Number of Family Members
» Method Conclusion Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» The Probability of Farmer to Use Organic Fertilizer
» Methodology Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Analysis of Plasma Farmer Labor Allocation on Dry Land and Wet Land 3.39
» 0.00 Potential Work and Leisure Time Plasma Oil Palm Growers
» Conclusion Acknowledgements References Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Characteristics of Farmers . Rice Production
» Household Food Consumption Behavior Farmers
» Climate, Geomorphology and Geology of Merang
» BRIS Soil Series Result and Discussion
» Evaluation of Soil Fertility Status Soil Assessment for Upland Rice Cultivation
» Biological-environment Adaptive Control System
» Structure and Component of Biological-Environment Adaptive Control System
» Determination of Optimal Set Point and Controlling
» Materials Methods Materials and Methods
» Physical Properties of Batik Rice
» Chemical Characteristics of Results and Discussion
» The characteristics of coal fly ash and chicken manure
» Some Chemical Charactheristics of Coal Fly Ash and Chicken Manure Mixture
» pH and Point of Zero Charge PZC of Coal Fly Ash and Chicken Manure Mixture
» Methods Conclusion Acknowledgements Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Background Method Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Colour Result and Discussion
» Texture elasticity Total Volatile Nitrogen mg100g
» Conclusion Recommendation References Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Pandan Pandanus amaryllifolius Leaf Foam mat drying
» Moisture Content Wettability Result and Discussion
» Background Conclusion Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Background Climate Change’s Direct Effects on Pathogens
» Possible Means of Mitigating The Effects of Climate Change Conclusions
» Impact of climate change on Indonesia
» Walang rice pest control techniques
» Background Methods Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Conclusion Acknowledgement References Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Nile Tilapia Literature Review
» Experiments and materials preparation
» Microbial content TPC Result and Discussion
» Internal temperature Visual Observation
» Background Conclusion References Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Isolation of Production of crystal protein, SDS-PAGE and SEM Insect test preparation
» Isolation of Results and Discussion
» Scanning Electron Microscope result Molecular weight of Bioassay of insect pests
» Materials and Methods Isi Proceedings ISCCFS 2013 TAMRIN
» Soil Characteristics Before Treatment Vegetative Growth of Rice Crop
» Water management condition inswampland
» Potential of Technology and Irrigation System on Swampland
» Water management strategy on lowland swamp
» Fair and Equally Distribution Tactics Place and Time
» Income and Hedonistic Life Analysis
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