Proceeding of 2013 International Seminar on Climate Change and Food Security ISCCFS 2013
Palembang, South Sumatra -Indonesia, 24-25 October,2013
16 Environmental failure which is associated to agricultural activities are forest destruction, grasslands
expansion, land degradation and, increasing of degraded lands, as well as desertification, and all of that ought to become problem. The effect is to reduce biodiversity impacts. In the other hand, land crisis occurs
within increasing human population, agricultural commercialization, agricultural technology inputs, and increasing consumption need. Tropical silvopastoral systems provide benefits in terms of ecosystem services,
climate change, sustainable productivity, and landscape-level restoration. Current potential of small agriculture system are beginning to recognize in the productive, ecological, and social advantages of
smaller-scale, less-intensive, sustainable, and their potential to provide future food as well as feed security Herrero
et al
., 2010. In the other way within relation to small cattle management in the study, integrated farming systems might offer an option to increase land productivity based on simple technology and
incorporating input agronomic and ecological aspects. Feed requirements necessary to offset local government support, among others, to expand the garden
green fodder, seed supply, as well as striving for the establishment of feed processing units. Feed supply center can be arranged through the manufacture of feed mill centers, or manufacturing feed barn. Intake of
silage making technology with a functional role for microbes utilizes agricultural waste into feed. Rice straw is available in abundance in every area of arable farm to be used as feed source.Results of the current
assessment concluded that silage fermentation was acceptable for the forage preservation in effort to maintain feed availability as livestock favor. Main study was verifying the role of fermentative and
hydrolyzing microbes, particularly
Lactobacillus plantarum
Table 2.
4. Conclusion
The output of the representation work could become a reference in addressing for adaptation response through the application of functional microbial technology involvement in the small local cattle management
activities, in particular for silage handling to keep the feed quality and its continuity of the supply. Microbial technology transfer is a critical step in good handling practice for feed quality improvement and more likely
applied via small farmers‘ activities in the dry land areas.Concept of improvement within functional microbe and its utilization for adaptation through local resources become practicable relating to management of small
scale livestock.Supply of feed through integrated farming activities was able to keep small cycle carbon energy cellulose and which was even in maintain decreasing emissions.
5. References
[1] Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Petemakan. Rekomendasi Teknologi Petemakan dan Veteriner Mendukung
Program Swasembada Daging Sapi PSDS Tahun 2014. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2010. [2]
A.J. Rook, B. Dumont, J. Isselstein, K. Osoro, M.F. Wallis De Vries, G. Parente and J. Mills. Matching type of livestock to desired biodiversity outcomes in pastures
– a review. Biological Conservation. 2004, 119:137–150. [3]
R. Bellefontaine, S. Petit, M. Pain-Orcet, P. Deleporte, J.G. Bertault, J.G. Trees outside forests: toward a better awareness. FAO Conservation Guide 35, Rome,2002.
[4] B. Risdiono, B. Haryanto, D.P. Nurhayati and B. Setiadi. Availability and utilization of forage resources for
smallscale farm in Indonesia. p. 57-64. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Sustainable Management and Utilization of Forage-Based Feed Resources for Small-Scale Livestock Farmers in Asia, Lembang, Indonesia, 3-7
August 2009. FFTC-ASPAC, IRIAP and LRI, CoA, Taiwan, 2009. [5]
E. Murgueitioa, Z. Calle, F. Uribe, A. Calle and B. Solorio. Native trees and shrubs for the productive rehabilitation of tropical cattle ranching lands. Forest Ecology and Management. 2011, 261:1654
–1663. [6]
H.H. Janzen. What place for livestock on a re-greening earth? Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2011, 166:783
–796. [7]
A.I. Ukanwokoand N.C. Igwe. Proximate composition of some grass and legume silages prepared in a humid tropical environment. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science. 2012, 22:068-
071. [8]
Schroeder, J.M. Quality forage: Haylage and other Fermented Forages. County Commissions of North Dacota State University and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating,2013. www.ag.ndsu.edu.
[9] M. Herrero, P.K. Thornton, A.M. Notenbaert, S. Wood, S Msangi, H.A. Freeman, D.Bossio, J. Dixon, M. Peters,
J. van de Steeg, J. Lynam, P. Parthasarathy Rao, S.Macmillan, B. Gerard, J. McDermott, C. Seré andM. Rosegrant. Smartinvestments in sustainable food production: revisiting mixed crop-livestocksystems. Science..2010, 327
5967: 822 –825.
Proceeding of 2013 International Seminar on Climate Change and Food Security ISCCFS 2013
Palembang, South Sumatra -Indonesia, 24-25 October,2013
17
Analysis of Farming Systems in the Arid Climate Region as Impacts of Adaptation to Climate Change in East Nusa Tenggara NTT
Harmi Andrianyta
1+
and Titim Rahmawati
1
1
Indonesian Center for Agriculture Technology Asssesment and Development
Abstract.
Performers farming in arid climate areas of East Nusa Tenggara familiar with short rainy season.
However, the climate anomaly has caused many extreme events such as adverse agricultural drought, flood, pest attacks and uncertainty season. The research aims to analyze the changes in farmers behavior as
adaptation to climate change in dry areas. The experiment was conducted in the province East Nusa Tenggara as representative of arid climate regions in Indonesia.To compare that effect, selected two sample sites
namely rainfed and irrigation on climate type D
3
and D
4
climate type Oldeman in two regency Kupang and South of Timor Tengah. Respondents were selected randomly in the sample sites. Primary data was collected
through a questionnaire survey with tools against 30 respondents. Observed variables encompassed farming activities, cropping pattern, seed requirements, farming cost, kind of commodities, pest attack and coping
strategies of family upon normal and extreme years. Data were statistically analyzed with a nonparametric test of hypothesis using the comparative testKruskall Wallisand Chi Square test,crosstabulationof the
normalextreme year. The results showed that the significant impact be found on the level of pest attack, seed application, fertilizer application, varieties of paddy. The conclusion, dryland farmers in both irrigated and
rainfed adapt by improving cultivation by replacing varieties and manure applications. however the cost is not significantly different on different conditions. Different is the level of pest attack is higher during
extreme rainfall years.
Keywords:
Climate change, farming system, pest attack.
1. Background
