Proceeding of 2013 International Seminar on Climate Change and Food Security ISCCFS 2013
Palembang, South Sumatra -Indonesia, 24-25 October,2013
61 b.
Classify each commodity into 9 groups of food commodities in desirable dietary pattern sheet and calculate the total actual energy consumption of each food group
c. Calculate the energy contribution of each food group based Minimum Energy Requirement Angka
Kecukupan Energi - AKE as follows ��
�
= � ��
� � �
� 2000
100 d.
Furthermore, multiply the energy contribution by the weight of each food group to obtain the score of each food group. But each food group has a maximum score, so if the the score exceeds the maximum
score, we used the maximum score Table 1. e.
Add up the scores of all food groups to get the PPH score
4. Results and Discussion
The level of energy and protein consumption is an important indicator to determine the fulfillment of nutritional needs. In 2012, the average energy consumption of South Sumatera 1925.99 kcalcapitaday,
while the average protein consumption, 52.84 gramscapitaday. The average energy consumption is lower than the minimum energy requirement Angka Kecukupan Energi
– AKE based on WNPG 2004 that is 2000 kcalcapitaday, while protein consumption is still higher than the corresponding Minimum Protein
Intake Angka Kecukupan Protein – AKP based on WNPG 2004 that is 52 grams capitaday. However,
AKE and AKP tend to decrease in the last 3 years Table 2.. Table 2. Average Energy and Protein Consumption of South Sumatera, 2009-2012
Type of Nutrition 2009
2010 2011
2012 Energy kcalcapitaday
1,991.76 1,989.11
1,950.08 1,925.99
Protein gramcapitaday 53.62
54.67 54.30
52.84
Source: BPS Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2013
The above results lead us to the importance of encouraging an increase in the quality of food consumption through increased access and affordability of food, especially for low-income people. As shown
in Table 2 above, there is an indication of declining quality of consumption as shown by the declining trend in the average consumption of energy and protein in the last 3 years. Related to this is the importance of
maintaining adequate food availability, equity on food distribution and the stability of food prices.
Food consumption diversity can be determined by using the actual dietary pattern and compare it with desirable dietary pattern and calculate the PPH score. It can be concluded that the actual dietary pattern of
South Sumatra is still far from ideal conditions in which in 2012 the PPH score was 77.8. However, compared to 2009, PPH score increased from 74.7 in 2009 Table 3.. The ideal condition is achieved when
the PPH score has reached 100.
Regarding the desirable dietary pattern of South Sumatra Province in 2012 and 2009, we know that four food groups still have a proportion of consumption that is far from ideal score. Consumption of cereals has a
higher proportion of consumption compared to ideal score. In 2012, AKE score of cereals consumption reached 28.7 while the maximum score for cereals consumption only by 25. Thus, consumption of cereals be
continually reduced to achieve the ideal proportion of food consumption. Compared to 2009, the consumption of cereals has decreased with decreasing gap between AKE score with a maximum score of
food consumption according DDP.
Reducing the reliance on cereals consumption especially rice become our next task, because the consumption of cereals is still very high. Improvements and innovations are required to develop alternative
foods and need a vigorous campaign to change the paradigm of the public about food consumption patterns. Reducing rice consumption is a significant challenge because based on the results of Susenas, we found a
relatively small changes in rice consumption from year to year BPS Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2013. The dominance of rice in food consumption also led to rice becoming a political commodity so that the
governments food policies are often biased in rice Ariani, 2004.
Proceeding of 2013 International Seminar on Climate Change and Food Security ISCCFS 2013
Palembang, South Sumatra -Indonesia, 24-25 October,2013
62 The other three food groups namely animal products, vegetables and fruits, and pulses have proportion
of consumption is still far below the ideal proportion of food consumption. In 2012, the consumption of animal products has AKE score of 16.5 while ideal maximum score is 24. AKE scores for fruits and
vegetables is 22.2, still below the maximum score 30. Similarly, the energy consumption for pulses has AKE score of 4.0 also still far below the maximum score for this group, 10.0. Compared with 2009, there was
improvement of consumption of animal products as well as vegetables and fruits shown by the decreasing gap between AKE score and the maximum score.
Table 3. Desirable Dietary Pattern of South Sumatera Province 2009 and 2012
No Food
Groups 2009
2012 Energy
kcal capita
day AKE
AKE Sco-
re Max
Sco- re
Diff. AKE
Sco- re
and Max
Sco- re
PPH Sco-
re Energy
kcal capita
day AKE
AKE Sco-
re Max
Sco- re
Diff. AKE
Sco- re
and Max
Sco- re
PPH Sco-
re
1 Cereals
1189.78 59.5
29.7 25.0
4.7 25.0
1147.12 57.4
28.7 25.0
3.7 25.0
2 Roots and
Tubers 128.41
6.4 3.2
2.5 0.7
2.5 87.83
4.4 2.2
2.5 -0.3
2.2 3
Animal Products
147.73 7.4
14.8 24.0
-9.2 14.8
165.30 8.3
16.5 24.0
-7.5 16.5
4 Added Fats
and Oils 215.10
10.8 5.4
5.0 0.4
5.0 241.25
12.1 6.0
5.0 1.0
5.0 5
Nuts and Oilseeds
23.57 1.2
0.6 1.0
-0.4 0.6
12.82 0.6
0.3 1.0
-0.7 0.3
6 Pulses
40.03 2.0
4.0 10.0
-6.0 4.0
40.30 2.0
4.0 10.0
-6.0 4.0
7 Sugar
128.45 6.4
3.2 2.5
0.7 2.5
105.84 5.3
2.6 2.5
0.1 2.5
8 Vegetables
and Fruits 81.19
4.1 20.3
30.0 -9.7
20.3 88.80
4.4 22.2
30.0 -7.8
22.2 9
Other 37.49
1.9 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 36.72
1.8 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 Total
1991.76 99.6
81.2 100
74.7 1925.99
96.3 82.6
100 77.8
Source: Calculated from Susenas 2009 and 2012
Paralell with the efforts to reduce consumption of cereals, it also needs some efforts to increase consumption of other food that is still very low, especially in the three food groups namely animal products,
vegetables and fruits, and pulses. Therefore, it is necessary to improve our people knowledge about the importance of balanced nutritional content on food consumption even from an early age and starting from
school. Particularly animal products, low consumption of this food group are also due to the high price of food such as beef. As a maritime nation, the consumption of animal products can actually be directed to
increase the consumption of fish, but ironically fish consumption tended to decline in Indonesia including in South Sumatera.
Finally, food diversification program indeed not only food problems alone, but includes political, economic, health, education, social and even cultural. The change on food consumption pattern is the
interaction of various factors, so that food diversification program interventions should be a joint motion of all components related. Slow progress in food diversification program which has been carried out for this
may be due to all components of the nation did not work cooperatively for support programs.
5. Conclusions
