Proceeding of 2013 International Seminar on Climate Change and Food Security ISCCFS 2013
Palembang, South Sumatra -Indonesia, 24-25 October,2013
37
Anticipation and Adaptation of Climate Change for Food Crops in Indonesia
Supli Effendi Rahim
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Study Program of Agrotechnology, Agriculture Faculty, University of Palembang
Abstract.
Since a number of decades ago in Indonesia and elsewehere there has been a climate change, namely the occurrence of prolonged rain or the occurrence of prolonged drought. As a result, agricultural
cultivation became distracted, especially food crops that can result in disruption of crop production to meet the needs of the people of Indonesia. The questions here are what the levels of impacts of climate change in
Indonesia and what measures as to anticipate and adapt the climate change for food crops. This paper is thereafter intended to explain the anticipation and adaptation to climate change as an effort to keep the
implementation of the cultivation of food crops to the production is secure and can meet the food needs of the people of Indonesia. A number of measures are recommended in order to anticipate and adapt to climate
change to continue to support the implementation process of the cultivation of food crops by farmers in the field. The measures include the familiarity to climate change, drought-resistant selection of commodities,
superior variety selection, implementation made earlier planting, appropriate harvest time, proper processing and marketing, the use of organic fertilizers, proper maintenance, planting backward, and control of pests and
diseases that are environmentally friendly.
Keywords:
anticipation and adaptation, climate change, food crops.
1. Background
Indonesia is one of the important world‘s countries which will be affected by natural phonemenon called climate change. Climate change is one of the natural phenomenon in which extreme changes in
climate elements. These changes occur due to natural processes but also by human activity on earth. In addition to increasing global temperatures, climate change is causing the climate anomalies such as El-Nino
and La-Nina, Indian Ocean Dipole, an increase or decrease in extreme temperatures, shifting climate, rainfall, and rising sea levels.
Currently, climate change is no longer a debate about its existence. Climate change is already a problem with inter-agency, inter-state, and in fact has become a global problem. so many aspects of life affected by
climate change, including the agricultural sector. Change and climate anomalies believed to affect agricultural productivity and progression, including agri-food sector. The changes in climate have caused a
considerable yield degradation of agricultural farming Susandi, Tamamadin and Nurlela, 2013. That is why, many people who believe that agriculture is a sector that is in a position not to have certainty. Many
reports by experts have reported negative impacts of climate change namely impact on soil erosion rates
Nearing, Pruski and O‘Neal, 2004. According to Pedzoldt and Seaman 2013, climate change affect a number of climate elements namely
temperature, moisture in the air, increase in CO2 levels, all of which will affect the development of plant pests and diseases. Garret et al. 2006 stated that the effect of climate change on disease through its
influence on the level of the genome, cellular, physiological processes of plants and pathogens. Further questios to ask are what the levels of impacts climate change in Indonesia and what measures to anticipate
and adapt to the climate change for food crops. This paper is intended to explain the impacts of climate change and the anticipation and adaptation to climate change for food crops.
2. Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture
Climate change is one of a very serious threat to the agricultural sector and the potential to bring new issues to the sustainability of food production and agricultural production systems in general. The main cause
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Corresponding author. Tel.: +6282184824570; fax: +62711441140
E-mail address
: sup_effendiyahoo.co.id
Proceeding of 2013 International Seminar on Climate Change and Food Security ISCCFS 2013
Palembang, South Sumatra -Indonesia, 24-25 October,2013
38 of climate change is human activity anthropogenic associated with increasing greenhouse gas emissions
such as CO
2
, methane, CO, NO and CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons. Global climate change will affect at least three climate elements and components nature is very closely related to agriculture, namely: a air
temperature rise also have an impact on other climate elements, especially moisture and atmospheric dynamics,b changes in precipitation patterns and the increasing intensity of climate events extreme as El-
Nino and La-Nina, and c increase in surface water mountains due to melting sea ice in the Arctic Las, 2007. Boer and Subbiah 2005 reported that between 1844 and 2009 there has been 47 and 38 times the
events of El-Nino and La-Nina respectively which cause drought and flood. The level of risk of climate change by region in Indonesia can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. Level of risk of climate change by region in Indonesia
Risk Sumatra
Java-Bali Kalimantan
Sulawesi Nusa
Tenggara Maluku
Papua Lowering water
availability M, H, VH
H, VH L, M
H, VH H, VH
L, M L
Flood H, VH
H, VH L, M, H
L, M, H L
L L, M
Drought H, VH
M, H, VH L
L, M L, M, VH
L L
Inundation of sea water
M, H M, H, VH
M, H, VH M, H
M, H M, H
M, H Spread of dengue
L, M, H L, M, H
L, M L, M
L, M L, M
L, M, H Spread of malaria
L, M L, M, H
L, M L, M, H
L, M, H, VH M, H
M, T, VH spread of diarrhea
L, M, H L, M, H
L, M, H L, M, H
L, M, H L, M, H
L, M, H, VH
Decrease of paddy yield
H, VH H, VH
- -
H, VH -
- Forest fire
VH, H, M H, M
- -
- -
- Legend: L = Low, M= moderate, H = high, VH = very high
Source: Ministry of Environment 2010
3. Anticipation Strategy for Climate Change and Anomalies
