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3.4.4. Control methods
There are five suggestions with respect to control methods. 1.Education and guidelines are essential to enable people to integrate the methods of
control and habitat modification available. 2.More in-depth research into individual control methods is needed.
3.As with many pesticides, further work may need to be done to establish the long- term effects on human health of using acaricides to control HDMs.
4.Alternatives to insecticides or acaricides should be considered in all control program- mes.
5.Vacuum cleaners, especially in the homes of people with HDM and other allergies, should be fitted with HEPA filters.
3.4.5. Medical practitioners
There are two suggestions intended for medical practitioners. 1.More doctors should be able to conduct allergy tests, to identify patients whose
asthma is caused or triggered by HDM or other allergens. 2.More advice needs to be available on allergen avoidance, control of HDMs and
modification of the hygrothermal environment to prevent dwellings from being infested in the first place.
3.4.6 Other
There are two suggestions that do not fit in any of the above categories. 1.More research is needed into the relationship between levels of airborne allergens
and asthma. 2.Further research is needed to fully establish the most effective methods of environ-
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Public Health Significance of Urban Pests
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4. Bedbugs
Harold J. Harlan, Michael K. Faulde and Gregory J. Baumann
Summary
Bedbugs have long plagued humans in their living environment. Historically, bedbugs were noted throughout the ages. After the Second World War, bedbug populations
appeared to decline to a point where infestations by them were rare. In fact, just collec- ting specimens of bedbugs for instructing entomology became a difficult task, due to the
rarity of this pest. Some people credit broadcast or wide area insecticide use with the decline in bedbug populations while others just believe it is the cyclical nature of pests
that contributed to rare sightings. In the past 10 years, however, a resurgence of bedbugs has been noted. From anecdotal comments to reports of data showing multifold increa-
ses, it is clear that bedbugs are rising again. Some credit this resurgence to one or more of the following theories: loss of control products and changes in control practices for
other pests that coincidentally controlled bedbug populations; increased travel; use of pre- viously owned furniture and furnishings; and other theories. Bedbug control requires a
fully integrated approach, as the bedbug is nocturnal, transient and elusive. Care must be taken to confirm proper identification, as other pests are similar in appearance and have
quite different habits.
