39
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Research
The research was categorized as action research since one of the aims is to identify a ‘problematic’ situation in order to bring changes and improvements in
educational practice Burns, 2010: 2. Carr and Kemmis cited in Burns 2010: 5 argue that action research is ‘self-reflective enquiry’ undertaken by participants in
order to improve the rationality and justice of their own social or educational practices as well as their understanding of these practices and the situations in
which these practices are carried out. In doing this action research, the researcher chose a model proposed by
Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns, 2010: 9. According to Kemmis and McTaggart, action research involved four phases in the form of a cycle. The
researcher, the English teacher, and another research member collaborated and worked together in collecting input about the obstacles and weaknesses of the
English teaching and learning process and then identified the research problems. After that, they planned and carried out the actions, observed, evaluated and
reflected on the actions implemented in the study. The cycle may become a continuing until the action researcher has achieved a satisfactory outcome. The
phases were planning, action, observation, and reflection. The processes of phases could be drawn as figure 1.
Figure 1: Cyclical AR model based on Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns, 2010: 9
B. Research Setting
The action was carried out at SD N Ngringin. It is located in Jl. Waringinsari, Condong Catur, Depok, Sleman. This school has 6 classrooms and
supported by 16 teachers and 3 staffs. The school has some facilities which can support the teaching and learning process such as yard, karawitan room, school
health unit, mushola, and library. There are some extracurricular activities conducted both of academic and non-academic.
The research was conducted at the first semester in the academic year of 20132014. It was done from September to November 2013. The subject of the
research was the Students of the grade four at SD N Ngringin in the academic year of 20132014. During the research the number of students were change. At
the beginning, there were 31 students, about 9-10 years old. In the second meeting, there were 32 students which one student came from other school. In the
middle of research, one more student came to the school. However, in the end of the research the number of students became 32 because a male student moved to
other school. Generally, most of them come from middle economic background. In SDN Ngringin, the English lesson used to be taught since the grade four.
Based on the observation and interviews, the English teaching and learning process to the fourth grade was stil unsactisfactory.
C. Research members
The research involved the English teacher, the collaborator, the fourth grade students of SD N Ngringin and the researcher. The English teacher, the researcher
and the collaborator work collaboratively to solve some problems related to teaching and learning process.
D. Procedure of the Research
The research used procedures in action research as proposed by Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns, 2010: 7-8 as follows:
1. Planning
In this phase, classroom observation and interview with English teacher and the students were conducted to identify the problems. The problems in the
teaching and learning quality were indentified and analyzed, it was called reconnaisance. Those resulted the important information of the research subject
which the research focused on the problems related to the teaching and learning quality. The reconnaisance was important to decide and develop some actions.
Based on Kemmis and McTaggart, in the planning, the researcher should take into account two things: 1 What kind of investigation is possible with the
Kategori