Kesimpulan Saran BAHAN DAN METODE

BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1 Kesimpulan

Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan sebelumnya diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: a. Pemberian Vitamin C cenderung memulihkan jumlah spermatozoa mencit jantan p0,05 setelah pemberian Testosteron Undekanoat TU dan Ekstrak Air Biji Pepaya Medan Carica papaya L. b. Pemberian Vitamin C cenderung memulihkan motilitas spermatozoa mencit jantan p0,05 setelah pemberian Testosteron Undekanoat TU dan Ekstrak Air Biji Pepaya Medan Carica papaya L. c. Pemberian Vitamin C memulihkan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit jantan p0,05 setelah pemberian Testosteron Undekanoat TU dan Ekstrak Air Biji Pepaya Medan Carica papaya L. d. Pemberian Vitamin C cenderung memulihkan morfologi spermatozoa mencit jantan p0,05 setelah pemberian Testosteron Undekanoat TU dan Ekstrak Air Biji Pepaya Medan Carica papaya L.

5.2 Saran

a. Sebaiknya dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan dosis Vitamin C yang lebih tinggi b. Sebaiknya dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan menggunakan sumber antioksidan yang lain Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR PUSTAKA Amir, A. 1992. Pengaruh penyuntikan ekstrak biji pepaya gandul Carica papaya L. terhadap sel-sel spermatogenik mencit dan jumlah anak hasil perkawinannya. Tesis Magister Sains. Jakarta: Biologi Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. hlm. 14-15. Agarwal, A., Prabakaran,S. And Said, T. 2005. Preventation of Oxidative Stress Injury to Sperm. J Androl, 26: 654-60. Akmal, M. Qadri, J.Q., Al-Waili, N. S., Haq, A. Saloom, K. Y. 2006. Improvement in human semen quality after oral supplementation of Vitamin C. J. Med Food, 9: 440-2. Aryoseto, L. 2009. Hubungan antara jumlah leukosit dengan morfologi spermatozoa pada pasien di rumah sakit dokter kariadi. Laporan Akhir Penelitian Karya Tulis Ilmiah. Semarang: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro. hlm. 14. Bremer, J.1959. Asexualisation a follow up study of 244 cases. New York: Macmillan. Buletin Super Nutrition Fact vs Fixion. 2002. No. 5. hlm. 1-8. Dawson, E. B., Harris, W. A., Rankin, W.E., Charpentier, L. A., Mc Ganity, W. J. 1987. Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Male Fertility in Third Conference on Vitamin C. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Vol.498. Fauzi. T.M. 2008. Pengaruh pemberian timbale asetat dan vitamin c terhadap peroksidai lipid dan kualitas spermatozoa di dalam sekresi epididimis mencit jantan Mus musculus L. strain BALBC. Tesis. Medan: Studi Biomedik Universitas Sumatera Utara. hal. 32. Federer,W. 1963. Experimental Design, Theory and Aplication. New York:Mac Millan. Goodman Gillman. 1980. The Pharmaceutical Basis of Therapeutics. Edisi keenam. New York: Macmillan Publishing CO. Inc. Goodman, S. 2000. Ester-C Vitamin C Generasi III. Jakarta. Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Harborne, J. B. 1987. Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Bandung: Penerbit ITB. Hart, H. 1987. Kimia Organik. Edisi keenam. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga. Ilyas, S. 2001. Efektifitas biji papaya Carica papaya L. terhadap jumlah spermatog nia-A, berat testis, berat badan tikus Rattus sp. dan jumlah anak hasil Universitas Sumatera Utara perkawinannya. Media Farmasi An Indonesian Pharmaceutical Journal. 9 2 : 208-209. Ilyas,S. 2007. Analysis of protein fas expression and caspase 3 activated at the suppression phase to sperm quantity by androgenprogestin combination. Jurnal Biologi Sumatera. 22: 45. Ilyas, S. 2008. Efektivitas kontrasepsi hormonal pria yang menggunakan kombinasi testosteron undekanoat dan norestisteron enantat. Jurnal Biologi Sumatera. 3 1 : 23-28. Iswara, A. 2009. Pengaruh pemberian antioksidan vitamin C dan E terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus putih terpapar allethrin. Skripsi. Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Semarang. hlm. 4. Kalie, M. B. 1996. Bertanam Pepaya. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Penerbit Swadaya. Mangkoewidjojo,S. Smith, J.B. 1988. Pemeliharaan, Pembiakan dan Penggunaan Hewan Percobaan di Daerah Tropis. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Naidu, K. 2003. Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery ?. Nutrition Journal. hlm. 1-10. Rugh, R. 1968. The Mouse its Reproduction and Development. Burgess Publishing Company. Rusmiati, 2007. Pengaruh ekstrak kayu secang Caesalpinia sappan L terhadap viabilitas spermatozoa mencit jantan Mus musculus L.. Biosentaceae. 42: 63-70. Satriyasa, B. K. Pangkahila, W. I. 2010. Fraksi heksan dan fraksi metanol ekstrak biji pepaya muda menghambat spermatogonia mencit Mus musculus jantan. Jurnal Veteriner. 11 1: 36-40. Siregar, J. H. 2009. Pengaruh pemberian vitamin c terhadap jumlah sel leydig dan jumlah sperma mencit dewasa Mus musculus L. yang dipapari monosodium glutamate MSG. Tesis. Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik Universitas Sumatera Utara: Medan. hlm. 13-14. Soehadi, K. Arsyad, K.1983. Analisis Sperma. Surabaya: Airlangga Universitas Press. Sukadana, I .M., Santi, S. R., Juliarti, N. R. 2008. Aktivitas antibakteri senyawa golon gan triterpenoid dari biji pepaya Carica papaya L.. Jurnal Kimia. 21: 15- 18. Sukarnawan, M. N. 2008. Uji daya reduksi ekstrak daun dewandaru Eugenia uniflora L. terhadap ion ferri. Skripsi. Fakultas Farmasi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Universitas Sumatera Utara Suparni, 2009. Pengaruh pemberian Vitamin C terhadap jumlah sperma dan morfologi sperma mencit jantan dewasa Mus musculus L. yang dipaparkan monosodium glutamate MSG. Tesis. Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik Universitas Sumatera Utara: Medan. hlm. 31. Tadjudin, 1988. Pengumpulan dan Pemeriksaan Semen Manusia. Penuntun Laboratorium WHO Untuk Pemeriksaan Semen Manusia dan Interaksi Semen Getah Servik, FKUI, Jakarta. hlm. 7. Tjitrosoepomo, G. 2004. Taksonomi Tumbuhani Spermatophyta. Cetakan ke-8. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Tremallen, K. 2008. Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility – A Clinical Perspective. Human Reproduction Update. Washington,W.J., R.C. Murthy A. Doye K. Eugene D. Brown and I. 1983. Induction of Morphologically Abnormal sperm in rats exposed to oxylene. Arch. Androl 11. Widya, S. Kartini, E. Fitriani. 2010. The effect of cigarettes smoke exposured causes fertility of male mice Mus musculus. Jurnal Natural. 102: 16 World Health Organization WHO, 1988. Penuntun Laboratorium WHO untuk pemeriksaan Semen Manusia dan Interaksi semen-getah serviks, Terj. Oleh M.K. Tadjudin, Jakarta: Penerbit FK-UI. hlm. 14. Yavetz, H., Leah Yogev, Sandra Kleiman, Amnon Botchan, Ron Hauser, Joseph, B. Lessing, Gedalia Paz, And Ronni Gamzu. 2001. Morphology of Testicular Sperma Obtained By Testiscular Sperm Extraction in Obstructive And Nonobstructive Azoospermic Men And Its Relation To Fertilization Success In The In Vitro Fertilization- Intraplasmic Sperm Injection System. Journal Of Andrology. 223. Universitas Sumatera Utara LAMPIRAN 1. Data Rataan Jumlah Spermatozoa mencit Mus musculus L. Rataan jumlah spermatozoa mencit Mus musculus L. setelah pemberian kombinasi ekstrak air biji pepaya Carica papaya L. dan testosteron undekanoat TU serta Pemulihan dengan Vitamin C jtmL, X±SD Lama Pemberian minggu Kontrol jtml Perlakuan jtml 66.13±38.10 61.53±16.86 6 39.83±7.26 133.27±49.33 12 84.93±15.68 63.13±26.50 18 104.40±13.41 11.47±5.57 24 117.26±23.93 4.07±4.97 30 65,23±23,83 19.93±17.20 36 72.13±22.87 22.23±10.94 Hasil Uji Statistik Jumlah Spermatozoa Mencit Mann-Whitney Test Tests of Normality .108 35 .200 .961 35 .245 .216 35 .000 .826 35 .000 kelompok kontrol perlakuan jlhsperma Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk This is a lower bound of the true s ignificance. . Lilliefors Significance Correction a. Test of Homogeneity of Variance 1.317 1 68 .255 .014 1 68 .906 .014 1 43.599 .906 .248 1 68 .620 Based on Mean Based on Median Based on Median and with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean jlhsperma Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Ranks 35 44.93 1572.50 35 26.07 912.50 70 kelompok kontrol perlakuan Total jlhsperma N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Universitas Sumatera Utara Friedman Test Friedman Test Wilcoxon Test Kontrol Test Statistics a 282.500 912.500 -3.876 .000 Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed jlhsperma Grouping Variable: kelompok a. Ranks 3.20 1.80 4.40 6.00 6.20 3.00 3.40 K0 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 Mean Rank Test Statistics a 5 16.971 6 .009 N Chi-Square df As ymp. Sig. Friedman Test a. Ranks 5.20 6.80 6.00 2.40 1.20 3.20 3.20 P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Mean Rank Test Statistics a 5 26.743 6 .000 N Chi-Square df As ymp. Sig. Friedman Test a. Test Statistics c -1.214 a -.674 b -1.483 b -2.023 b -.405 a -.405 b .225 .500 .138 .043 .686 .686 Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed K1 - K0 K2 - K0 K3 - K0 K4 - K0 K5 - K0 K6 - K0 Based on positive ranks. a. Based on negative ranks . b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test c. Universitas Sumatera Utara Wilcoxon Test Perlakuan Test Statistics b -2.023 a -2.023 a -2.023 a -1.753 a -1.753 a -2.023 a .043 .043 .043 .080 .080 .043 Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed K2 - K1 K3 - K1 K4 - K1 K5 - K1 K6 - K1 K3 - K2 Based on negative ranks . a. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test b. Test Statistics c -1.753 a -2.023 b -.944 b -.944 a -2.023 b -2.023 b -1.753 b -1.753 b -.405 a .080 .043 .345 .345 .043 .043 .080 .080 .686 Z Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed K4 - K2 K5 - K2 K6 - K2 K4 - K3 K5 - K3 K6 - K3 K5 - K4 K6 - K4 K6 - K5 Based on negative ranks. a. Based on positive ranks. b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test c. Test Statistics c -2.023 a -.674 a -2.023 b -2.023 b -2.023 b -2.023 b .043 .500 .043 .043 .043 .043 Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed P1 - PO P2 - PO P3 - PO P4 - PO P5 - PO P6 - PO Based on negative ranks . a. Based on positive ranks. b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test c. Test Statistics b -1.753 a -2.023 a -2.023 a -2.023 a -2.023 a -2.023 a -2.023 a .080 .043 .043 .043 .043 .043 .043 Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed P2 - P1 P3 - P1 P4 - P1 P5 - P1 P6 - P1 P3 - P2 P4 - P2 Based on positive ranks. a. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test b. Test Statistics c -2.023 a -2.023 a -2.023 a -1.214 b -1.753 b -1.753 b .043 .043 .043 .225 .080 .080 Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed P5 - P2 P6 - P2 P4 - P3 P5 - P3 P6 - P3 P5 - P4 Based on positive ranks. a. Based on negative ranks . b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test c. Universitas Sumatera Utara K0P0 Trans T-test K1P1 T-test Test Statistics b -2.023 a -.405 a .043 .686 Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed P6 - P4 P6 - P5 Based on negative ranks. a. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test b. Group Statistics 5 5535.0220 4766.42336 2131.609 5 4013.7560 2153.40872 963.03366 kelompok kontrol perlakuan K0P0trans N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test 5.101 .054 .650 8 .534 1521.2660 2339.0580 -3872.61 6915.143 .650 5.568 .541 1521.2660 2339.0580 -4311.70 7354.235 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K0P0trans F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 39.8340 7.25657 3.24524 5 133.2660 49.33260 22.06221 kelompok kontrol perlakuan K1P1 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test 4.492 .067 -4.190 8 .003 -93.43200 22.29961 -144.855 -42.00900 -4.190 4.173 .013 -93.43200 22.29961 -154.346 -32.51768 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K1P1 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Universitas Sumatera Utara K2P2 T-test K3P3 T-test K4P4 T-test Group Statistics 5 84.9340 15.67526 7.01019 5 63.1340 26.49588 11.84932 kelompok kontrol perlakuan K2P2 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test .366 .562 1.583 8 .152 21.80000 13.76768 -9.94833 53.54833 1.583 6.494 .161 21.80000 13.76768 -11.27624 54.87624 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed K2P2 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 104.3980 13.41272 5.99835 5 11.4640 5.57156 2.49168 kelompok kontrol perlakuan K3P3 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test 3.414 .102 14.308 8 .000 92.93400 6.49528 77.95585 107.91215 14.308 5.341 .000 92.93400 6.49528 76.55251 109.31549 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed K3P3 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 117.2640 23.93213 10.70277 5 4.0660 4.97079 2.22300 kelompok kontrol perlakuan K4P4 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Universitas Sumatera Utara K5P5 T-test K6P6 Mann-Whitney Test Independent Samples Test 4.671 .063 10.355 8 .000 113.19800 10.93120 87.99061 138.40539 10.355 4.344 .000 113.19800 10.93120 83.77405 142.62195 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K4P4 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 65.2320 23.82708 10.65579 5 19.9340 17.19633 7.69043 kelompok kontrol perlakuan K5P5 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test .684 .432 3.447 8 .009 45.29800 13.14111 14.99455 75.60145 3.447 7.278 .010 45.29800 13.14111 14.46298 76.13302 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K5P5 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Ranks 5 8.00 40.00 5 3.00 15.00 10 kelompok kontrol perlakuan Total K6P6 N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Test Statistics b .000 15.000 -2.611 .009 .008 a Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] K6P6 Not corrected for ties . a. Grouping Variable: kelompok b. Universitas Sumatera Utara LAMPIRAN 2. Data Rataan Konsentrasi Motilitas Spermatozoa mencit Mus musculus L. Rataan konsentrasi motilitas spermatozoa mencit Mus musculus L. setelah pemberian kombinasi ekstrak air biji pepaya Carica papaya L. dan testosteron undekanoat TU serta Pemulihan dengan Vitamin C ±SD Lama Pemberian minggu Kontrol Perlakuan 68.83±28.11 71.67±15.17 6 73.00±5.06 78.67±5.91 12 84.83±4.27 81.83±3.75 18 88.67±3.85 25.83±17.75 24 87.00±2.09 14.00±13.49 30 87.00±11.61 23.07±22.28 36 84.67±6.96 19.67±38.03 Hasil Uji Statistik Motilitas Spermatozoa Mencit Mann-Whitney Test Tests of Normality .227 35 .000 .727 35 .000 .184 35 .004 .857 35 .000 kelompok kontrol perlakuan motilitas Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Lilliefors Significance Correction a. Test of Homogeneity of Variance 60.633 1 68 .000 57.538 1 68 .000 57.538 1 65.800 .000 60.849 1 68 .000 Based on Mean Based on Median Based on Median and with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean motilitas Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Ranks 35 47.74 1671.00 35 23.26 814.00 70 kelompok kontrol perlakuan Total motilitas N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Universitas Sumatera Utara Friedman Test FridmanTest Wilcoxcon Test Perlakuan Test Statistics a 184.000 814.000 -5.037 .000 Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed motilitas Grouping Variable: kelompok a. Ranks 4.00 1.60 3.40 5.60 4.50 4.30 4.60 K0 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 Mean Rank Test Statistics a 5 10.086 6 .121 N Chi-Square df As ymp. Sig. Friedman Test a. Ranks 5.40 5.80 6.20 3.30 2.70 2.10 2.50 P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Mean Rank Test Statistics a 5 19.511 6 .003 N Chi-Square df As ymp. Sig. Friedman Test a. Test Statistics c -.813 a -1.483 a -2.023 b -2.023 b -2.023 b -1.753 b .416 .138 .043 .043 .043 .080 Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed P1 - P0 P2 - P0 P3 - P0 P4 - P0 P5 - P0 P6 - P0 Based on negative ranks . a. Based on positive ranks. b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test c. Universitas Sumatera Utara K0P0 Mann-Whitney Test Test Statistics c -1.219 a -2.023 b -2.023 b -2.023 b -1.753 b -2.023 b .223 .043 .043 .043 .080 .043 Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed P2 - P1 P3 - P1 P4 - P1 P5 - P1 P6 - P1 P3 - P2 Based on negative ranks . a. Based on positive ranks. b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test c. Test Statistics b -2.023 a -2.023 a -1.753 a -1.095 a -.674 a -.674 a .043 .043 .080 .273 .500 .500 Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed P4 - P2 P5 - P2 P6 - P2 P4 - P3 P5 - P3 P6 - P3 Based on positive ranks. a. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test b. Te st S tatistics d -.405 a -.674 b .000 c .686 .500 1.000 Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed P5 - P 4 P6 - P 4 P6 - P 5 Based on negative ranks . a. Based on posit ive ranks . b. The sum of negative ranks equals the sum of positive ranks. c. W ilcox on S igned Ranks Tes t d. Ranks 5 5.90 29.50 5 5.10 25.50 10 kelompok kontrol perlakuan Total K0P0 N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Test Statistics b 10.500 25.500 -.419 .675 .690 a Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] K0P0 Not corrected for ties . a. Grouping Variable: kelompok b. Universitas Sumatera Utara K1P1 T-test K2P2 T-Test K3P3 Trans T-Test Group Statistics 5 72.9980 5.05728 2.26169 5 78.6680 5.90941 2.64277 kelompok kontrol perlakuan K1P1 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test .332 .581 -1.630 8 .142 -5.67000 3.47843 -13.69126 2.35126 -1.630 7.814 .143 -5.67000 3.47843 -13.72470 2.38470 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed K1P1 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 84.8340 4.26406 1.90695 5 81.8340 3.74663 1.67554 kelompok kontrol perlakuan K2P2 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test .000 .999 1.182 8 .271 3.00000 2.53848 -2.85375 8.85375 1.182 7.870 .272 3.00000 2.53848 -2.87066 8.87066 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed K2P2 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 7873.6120 678.49138 303.43057 5 919.3040 1056.58830 472.52065 kelompok kontrol perlakuan K3P3trans N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Universitas Sumatera Utara K4P4 Mann-WhitneyTest K5P5 T-Test Independent Samples Test .179 .684 12.384 8 .000 6954.3080 561.55665 5659.356 8249.260 12.384 6.819 .000 6954.3080 561.55665 5619.278 8289.338 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed K3P3trans F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Ranks 5 8.00 40.00 5 3.00 15.00 10 kelompok kontrol perlakuan Total K4P4 N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Test Statistics b .000 15.000 -2.627 .009 .008 a Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] K4P4 Not corrected for ties . a. Grouping Variable: kelompok b. Group Statistics 5 81.8340 11.61356 5.19374 5 23.0660 22.28163 9.96465 kelompok kontrol perlakuan K5P5 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test 4.376 .070 5.230 8 .001 58.76800 11.23696 32.85553 84.68047 5.230 6.024 .002 58.76800 11.23696 31.29865 86.23735 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed K5P5 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Universitas Sumatera Utara K6P6 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks 5 7.40 37.00 5 3.60 18.00 10 kelompok kontrol perlakuan Total K6P6 N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Test Statistics b 3.000 18.000 -1.997 .046 .056 a Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] K6P6 Not corrected for ties . a. Grouping Variable: kelompok b. Universitas Sumatera Utara LAMPIRAN 3. Data Rataan Konsentrasi Viabilitas Spermatozoa mencit Mus musculus L. Rataan konsentrasi viabilitas spermatozoa mencit Mus musculus L. setelah pemberian kombinasi ekstrak air biji pepaya Carica papaya L. dan testosteron undekanoat TU serta Pemulihan dengan Vitamin C ±SD Lama Pemberian minggu Kontrol Perlakuan 70.00±26.36 56.17±0.95 6 58.00±8.49 41.83±4.14 12 67.67±18.77 30.67±7.18 18 63.17±6.02 32.27±8.34 24 67.67±9.10 25.50±6.71 30 69.00±11.17 42.40±40.01 36 59.40±6.11 48.33±8.44 Hasil Uji Statistik Viabilitas Spermatozoa Mencit K0P0 T-Test Tests of Normality .120 35 .200 .964 35 .296 .101 35 .200 .969 35 .420 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN VIABILITASSPERMA Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk This is a lower bound of the true s ignificance. . Lilliefors Significance Correction a. Test of Homogeneity of Variance 1.639 1 68 .205 1.636 1 68 .205 1.636 1 65.700 .205 1.700 1 68 .197 Based on Mean Based on Median Based on Median and with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean VIABILITASSPERMA Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Group Statistics 5 69.9980 26.35866 11.78795 5 56.1660 .95117 .42538 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K0P0 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Universitas Sumatera Utara K1P1 T-test K2P2 T-Test Independent Samples Test 45.546 .000 1.173 8 .275 13.83200 11.79563 -13.36876 41.03276 1.173 4.010 .306 13.83200 11.79563 -18.88438 46.54838 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K0P0 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 57.9980 8.49009 3.79688 5 41.8340 4.14122 1.85201 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K1P1 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test 5.334 .050 3.826 8 .005 16.16400 4.22449 6.42232 25.90568 3.826 5.801 .009 16.16400 4.22449 5.74067 26.58733 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K1P1 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 70.1680 18.76609 8.39245 5 30.6660 7.17720 3.20974 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K2P2 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test 2.149 .181 4.396 8 .002 39.50200 8.98530 18.78185 60.22215 4.396 5.146 .007 39.50200 8.98530 16.59983 62.40417 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K2P2 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Universitas Sumatera Utara K3P3 T-Test K4P4 T-Test K5P5 T-Test Group Statistics 5 63.1680 6.01935 2.69193 5 32.2660 8.34300 3.73111 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K3P3 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test .202 .665 6.717 8 .000 30.90200 4.60083 20.29246 41.51154 6.717 7.277 .000 30.90200 4.60083 20.10601 41.69799 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed K3P3 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 67.6660 9.09573 4.06773 5 25.5020 6.70926 3.00047 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K4P4 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test .232 .643 8.342 8 .000 42.16400 5.05463 30.50800 53.82000 8.342 7.359 .000 42.16400 5.05463 30.32874 53.99926 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K4P4 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 68.9980 11.17191 4.99623 5 42.4000 40.01109 17.89350 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K5P5 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Universitas Sumatera Utara K6P6 T-Test Independent Samples Test 10.079 .013 1.432 8 .190 26.59800 18.57794 -16.24280 69.43880 1.432 4.620 .216 26.59800 18.57794 -22.36429 75.56029 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K5P5 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 59.4000 6.10892 2.73199 5 48.3320 8.43571 3.77256 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K6P6 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test .203 .664 2.376 8 .045 11.06800 4.65790 .32687 21.80913 2.376 7.290 .048 11.06800 4.65790 .14216 21.99384 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K6P6 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Universitas Sumatera Utara LAMPIRAN 4. Data Rataan Konsentrasi Morfologi Spermatozoa mencit Mus musculus L. Rataan konsentrasi morfologi spermatozoa mencit Mus musculus L. setelah pemberian kombinasi ekstrak air biji pepaya Carica papaya L. dan testosteron undekanoat TU serta Pemulihan dengan Vitamin C ±SD Lama Pemberian minggu Kontrol Perlakuan 93.53±1.27 83.17±1.37 6 92.37±2.21 74.43±8.53 12 93.17±1.81 70.90±7.83 18 92.83±0.95 60.23±7.09 24 92.83±0.46 80.00±4.71 30 93.83±1.62 80.00±18.99 36 92.50±1.18 80.00±8.59 Hasil Uji Statistik Morfologi Spermatozoa Mencit Mann-Whitney Test Tests of Normality .155 35 .033 .941 35 .060 .132 35 .132 .897 35 .003 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN MORFOLOGISPERMA Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Lilliefors Significance Correction a. Test of Homogeneity of Variance 59.239 1 68 .000 57.458 1 68 .000 57.458 1 40.855 .000 58.799 1 68 .000 Based on Mean Based on Median Based on Median and with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean MORFOLOGISPERMA Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Ranks 35 53.00 1855.00 35 18.00 630.00 70 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN Total MORFOLOGISPERMA N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Universitas Sumatera Utara Fridmantest Wilcoxon Test K0P0 T-test Te st S tati stics a .000 630.000 -7. 210 .000 Mann-Whitney U W ilcox on W Z As ymp. S ig. 2-tailed MORFOLO GISPE RMA Grouping V ariable: KE LOMPOK a. Ranks 4.60 3.50 4.30 3.90 3.80 4.80 3.10 K0 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 Mean Rank Test Statistics a 5 2.510 6 .867 N Chi-Square df As ymp. Sig. Friedman Test a. Ranks 7.00 4.40 4.20 2.20 4.80 2.20 3.20 P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Mean Rank Test Statistics a 5 18.171 6 .006 N Chi-Square df As ymp. Sig. Friedman Test a. - 2 . 0 a - 2 . 0 a - 2 . 0 a - 2 . 0 a - 2 . 0 a - 2 . 0 a - . 9 4 a - 1 . 7 a . 0 4 . 0 4 . 0 4 . 0 4 . 0 4 . 0 4 . 3 4 . 0 7 Z A s y m p . S i g P 1 - P P 2 - P P 3 - P P 4 - P P 5 - P P 6 - P P 2 - P P 3 - P B a s e d o n p o s i t i v e r a n k s . a . B a s e d o n n e g a t i v e r a n k s . b . W i l c o x o n S i g n e d R a n k s T e s t c . T e s t S t a t i s t i c s c - . 1 3 a - 1 . 7 a - 1 . 2 a - 2 . 0 a - 1 . 0 b - 2 . 0 a - . 4 0 a - 2 . 0 b - . 6 7 a - . 9 4 b . 8 9 . 0 8 . 2 2 . 0 4 . 2 7 . 0 4 . 6 8 . 0 4 . 5 0 . 3 4 P P 4 - P P 5 - P P 6 - P P 3 - P P 4 - P P 5 - P P 6 - P P 4 - P P 5 - P P 6 - P - 1 a - 1 a - 1 b . . 2 . 2 6 P 5 P 6 P 6 Universitas Sumatera Utara Mann-Whitney Test Mann-Whitney Test Group Statistics 5 93.5340 1.26500 .56573 5 83.1680 1.36900 .61224 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K0P0 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test .212 .658 12.435 8 .000 10.36600 .83359 8.44373 12.28827 12.435 7.951 .000 10.36600 .83359 8.44165 12.29035 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K0P0 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Ranks 5 8.00 40.00 5 3.00 15.00 10 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN Total K1P1 N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Test Statistics b .000 15.000 -2.611 .009 .008 a Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] K1P1 Not corrected for ties. a. Grouping Variable: KELOMPOK b. Ranks 5 8.00 40.00 5 3.00 15.00 10 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN Total K2P2 N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Universitas Sumatera Utara K3P3 T-test K4P4 Trans T-test Test Statistics b .000 15.000 -2.619 .009 .008 a Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] K2P2 Not corrected for ties. a. Grouping Variable: KELOMPOK b. Group Statistics 5 92.8340 .94986 .42479 5 60.2320 7.09060 3.17101 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K3P3 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test 4.031 .080 10.190 8 .000 32.60200 3.19934 25.22431 39.97969 10.190 4.144 .000 32.60200 3.19934 23.83924 41.36476 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K3P3 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Group Statistics 5 9.6360 .02191 .00980 5 8.6560 .27227 .12176 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K4P4 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test 5.443 .048 8.023 8 .000 .98000 .12216 .69831 1.26169 8.023 4.052 .001 .98000 .12216 .64254 1.31746 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed K4P4 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Universitas Sumatera Utara K5P5 TransT-test K6P6 Mann-Whitney Test Group Statistics 5 826766.6 42577.18394 19041.10 5 202204.5 191766.80655 85760.72 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN K5P5 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test 3.145 .114 7.109 8 .000 624562.06 87849.103 421981.7 827142.5 7.109 4.393 .001 624562.06 87849.103 389030.6 860093.5 Equal variances as sumed Equal variances not ass umed K5P5 F Sig. Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. 2-tailed Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means Ranks 5 8.00 40.00 5 3.00 15.00 10 KELOMPOK KONTROL PERLAKUAN Total K6P6 N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Test Statistics b .000 15.000 -2.652 .008 .008 a Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z As ymp. Sig. 2-tailed Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] K6P6 Not corrected for ties. a. Grouping Variable: KELOMPOK b. Universitas Sumatera Utara LAMPIRAN 5. Gambar alat dan bahan Vitamin C Pemeliharan Kandang Mus musculus L. Kebun Pepaya Improved Neubauer Gelas Arloji Disicting set Ekstrak Biji Pepaya Universitas Sumatera Utara LAMPIRAN 6. Gambar hasil pengamatan Spermatozoa Normal Spermatozoa Abnormal Universitas Sumatera Utara LAMPIRAN 7. Prosedur Pembuatan Ekstrak Air biji pepaya Carica papaya L. dikeringkan dengan inkubator pada suhu 50 dimasukkan biji pepaya kering ke dalam blender dan dihaluskan C ±3hari i direbus hinggah mendidih Disaring dengan kertas saring dan dipisahkan residunya Dilar Dilarutkan dengan aquabidestilata 500ml sesuai dengan kebutuhan penelitian Biji Pepaya Hasil Bubuk pepaya Hasil Rebusan Rendemen Universitas Sumatera Utara LAMPIRAN 8. Prosedur uji skrining fitokomia biji pepaya Carica papaya L. a. Uji flavonoid dikeringkan dihaluskan dimasukkan ke dalam erlenmeyer yang berisi 100ml methanol dipanaskan hingga ¼ volume awal kemudian disaring dimasukkan kedalam 4 tabung reaksi tabung I ditetesi FeCl 3 , tabung II ditetesi MgHCl, tabung III ditetesi H 2 SO 4 diamati perubahan warna yang terjadi dan dicatat hasilnya p, tabung IV ditetesi NaOH 10, masing-masing sebanyak 3-5 tetes

b. Uji Alkaloid