76 responded on the explanation of the presenter indicated that they were in the
process of learning independently.
C. Worksheets to Enhance Students’ Independence in Learning
The findings and discussion for the third question in problem formulation are presented in this section. This section is mainly divided into two subsections.
The first subsection reveals the perceptions of students and lecturers towards independent learning. The second one is about the importance of worksheets to
enhance students’ independence in learning seen from students’ and lecturers’ opinion. The researcher acquired the data from the interview to both groups of
participants.
1. Students’ and Lecturers’ Perception toward Independent Learning
The discussion for this subsection is divided into two parts; they are based on students’ and lecturers’ opinion. The discussion focuses on the influence of
independent learning to the students broadly.
a. Students’ Perception
Eight students were interview about their opinion on independent learning. The discussions are about the definition of independent learning based on
students’ personal understanding, the influencing factors in independent learning, the importance of independent learning, and the influence of independent learning
to teachers’ or lecturers’ role in class. Being asked about the definition of independent learning based on their
own knowledge, all eight participants generally mentioned that independent
77 learning were about learning by ones’ self or being autonomous for hisher own
learning needs, as presented in Appendix 9. Participant A assumed that to form students’ independence, teachers or lecturers had role as the guidance for students.
Participant B believed that independent learning could be in done individually or in a group. She added that in independent learning students became the center in
learning process. Another supporting opinion was stated by participant G in which she personally believed that independent learning made possible for students
internally developing themselves, with less or even without external influences. From the interview, all eight participants agreed that independent learning
skill was important for the students and especially for them. The researcher classified the findings about the importance of independent learning in daily life
and for their future based on the interview. The importance of independent learning skill for life:
1 Someone may become less dependent to others for making any decision
and taking action on it, especially in workplace. She will have initiative to do herhis duty.
2 Someone may become more confident in the relation with the society.
Someone may become more serious and focus in working. 3
Someone may get broader knowledge and information because she knows herhis own needs. She will possibly understand herhimself well to see
the weaknesses and strengths inside. 4
By being independent, someone may develop herhis hard and soft skills which are possibly not dug under another’s control.
78 The researcher also asked the participants to mention factors that possibly
influence students’ independence in learning. From their answers, the researcher classified the factors into two main factors; those are internal factor and external
factor. The internal factors that the participant mentioned were students’ eagerness, laziness, self-motivation, curiosity, basic knowledge of the students
and talent. While for the external factors were the appealing material, drilling from the teacherlecturer, duty or compulsory, forces from other people, the lack
of supporting media, and opportunities to practice study independently techniques applied by the educators.
In learning independent learning skill students were also expected to learn life values or soft skills that are beneficial to support their interaction in broader
society than only at school context. From the interview, the participants mentioned independency autonomous, responsibility, self-discipline, honesty,
originality, teamwork, maintaining self-motivation, innovative, self-estimation, persistence, and developing self-perspective.
It is undeniable that teachers or lecturers has role in class during teaching- learning process. Referring to students’ definition in which independent learning
meant learning by herhimself, the researcher asked for further explanation form the students whether independent learning minimized teachers’ or lecturers’ role
in class. Seven of eight participants, namely participant A to G, thought that independent learning did not minimize the role of the teacherlecturer. In
independent learning, teacher and lecturer adjusted their role into the learning guidance, motivator and facilitator. Participant F added that in independent
79 learning teacher and lecturer were still needed for class discussion or for
clarifying the knowledge that the students got. Participant G assumed that in general independent learning was not limited only in school context. She
assumed that independent learning could be done everywhere, every time, and based on the needs, so at school teacher and lecturer still had the same role. In
other side, participant H considered independent learning minimized teacher’s role in class because students had already find the information before the teacher
had.
b. Lecturers’ Perception
