22 Everybody has his or her own perspective for particular things that she
experiences in the environment. Thus, it is normal for different person to perceive the same event or incident differently. This phenomenon guides them to have
different behavioral responses.
a. Factors Influencing Perceptions
Perception might come up from several factors. There are four of the most vital factors which influence someone’s perception on particular things Altman,
et al., 1985: 86. Those factors are selection of stimuli, organization of stimuli, situation, and self-concept.
1 Selection of stimuli
Generally, students will only focus on a small number of stimuli of all stimuli surrounded. This process is known as selection. It answers the question
why students perceive something differently. Students tend to select stimuli which conform to hisher basis interest and ignore stimuli or events which are
uncomfortable. This statement is in accordance to Gibson 1985: 66 in which he stated “people have a propensity to ignore factors or cues which might make them
feel discomfort.” In conjunction to the influence of interest to perception, Vernon 1971: 178 stated “Thus if perception is affected not only by interest but also by
other motives and desires, it is important to distinguish between the perception of something which actually exist in the environment which might appeal to these
motives and satisfy desires, and the incorrect or fanciful perception of something which does not exist there, which can lead only to disappointment.
23 Repetition is one of six factors affecting students to select stimuli.
Repetition is significant to build such a learning habit for the students. Teacher might need to administer weekly test to measure students understanding on the
material. The results might reinforce students to study hard for every test. This kind of repetition forces them to realize the importance of weekly test.
Furthermore, any kinds of repetition will encourage them to have self-learning habit.
2 Organization of stimuli
After information has been screened, it has to be organized so as to become meaningful. “This is the second factor influencing perception where the
brain makes an effort to select certain items of information and then put them together in meaningful way” Altman, et al., 1985: 87. The fundamental role of
organization is formulating the complexity of information becomes effortless for someone to interpret.
3 Situation
The situation which influences someone to perceive can be in form of someone’s’ familiarity with, expectations about, a situation, as well as his or her
past experience Altman, et al., 1985: 89. It can be concluded that situation may be the combination between someone’s past experience with his or her
expectations. If someone had bad experience on something in the past, she will tend to perceive negatively when acquiring the same stimuli in advance. In
contrast, in the case she has good experience towards something, she will have good expectation to achieve when similar thing happen in the future.
24
4 Self-concept
According to Altman, et., al., 1985: 90, self-concept is the way an individual person feels about and perceive hisherself. Similarly, Warga 1983:
81 states that self-concept is a self-describing expression or an internal view of how oneself sees himself, not as what he says about himself or what other people
see him. The self-concept is essential since our psychological image of ourselves determines much of what then we perceive and do. If a student sees himself as a
persistent student, he will likely to be persistent no matter difficulties in learning await.
B. Theoretical Framework
This research focuses on students’ and lecturers’ perception on the use of worksheet in classroom activities. Besides, it attempts to discover how lecturers
implement worksheet in class and also the contribution of worksheets on students’ motivation to study independently. Therefore, in this research the researcher
exposes three major parts of theories, namely independent learning, teaching- learning media, and perception. Those theories are employed to provide a basis
for digging out students’ and lecturers’ perception on the use of worksheets in teaching and learning process.
Independent learning enhancement process for students should become the focus in learning. Students have basic needs as individuals and as members of a
society that can be obtained through independent learning practice run in school level. Therefore, students’ active participation in the society, autonomous
