37 materials were designed. The second were participants of Preliminary field
testing. They were the participants after the materials were designed.
1. Participants of Research and Information Collecting
The participants in research and information were the students of eleventh grade, Administration Department, and English teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Klaten.
Questionnaires were distributed to 70 students of Administration Department Grade XI and 3 English teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Klaten. The questionnaire for
students was about the needs, difficulties, and characteristics of students. Then, the questionnaire for teachers was about the materials, method, activities, and
characteristic of students. In addition to questionnaires, interviews were conducted with four students and an English teacher. Four students were chosen to be
interviewed to get further information about teaching and learning English and students’ needs of English materials. The students were chosen because they had
many questions for researcher when the researcher did the observation. Besides, one English teacher was interviewed because the related teacher had the most
teaching hours in Administration Department Grade XI. Therefore, the teacher was considered understand the characteristics of the students and the English
teaching and learning process well. The participants in this step were selected through cluster sampling. It is
the sample taken from naturally occurring group of individuals Borg Gall, 1983. The reason of choosing cluster sampling was because the research was
done in specified classrooms, which was Administration Department Grade XI.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
38 The researcher decided to take two classes since there were two classes of
Administration Department in the school. The department which was chosen was Administration because they were primary prepared to be good in language,
including English, and performance among people.
2. Participants of Preliminary Field Testing
