The Result of Observation in Class

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1. The Result of Research and Information Collecting

In Research and Information Collecting, the researcher adapted Kemp’s model of instructional design step. It was Learners Characteristics. According to Kemp 1977, learner characteristics can affect the emphasis of instructional planning, treatment, and the variety of learning activities. Learner characteristics were identified to collect sufficient information about the needs of the learners. The information about learners characteristics can be obtained from student cumulative records, consultations, teachers, advisors, questionnaires, and survey Kemp, 1977. In this research, the information collecting concerning participants ’ or students’ needs and characteristics, the researcher distributed questionnaire to students and teachers, and conducted interview with an English teacher and with four students. Besides, the researcher also observed the students in classes during their English lessons. The result of the observation, questionnaire, and interview were used as the basis to design proper materials for the students, so that the materials are suitable for them.

a. The Result of Observation in Class

Class observations were done three times, which were at 29 th July, 2 nd August, and 5 th August 2011. The purpose of the observation was to find out how students learn in class. The time allocation of the English lesson was normally 2 x 45’. However, due to fasting season, the time allocation was cut into 2 x 35’. In the first observation, the class activity was a quiz. The teacher gave the quiz to test students’ knowledge and mastery of tenses they got from the previous PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 50 grades. The activity was working on the quiz. There were several things that the researcher found out. It was that English was needed to use more in class. Then, to check the process of students’ work, it would be better for teacher to walk around the class. The first observation did not give enough information about the teaching and learning activities. Therefore, the researcher felt that the second observation was needed. The second observation, the activity was discussion on the answers of the previous quiz. The activity was a teacher-centered since the teacher explained the answers and students listened to the explanation. Sometimes some students asked questions related to the answers of the quiz, but not about the language English. They asked questions mostly in Bahasa Indonesia. The teacher-centered or listening-to-explanation for two lesson hours could cause students be bored and therefore lack motivation to learn, sometimes. Actually, this kind of activity could be made more various, such as by asking students to answer the question and explain it. Then, asking questions not in English would make students lack experience of speaking in English. After the second observation, the last observation was done along with the distribution of the questionnaire. At the time, the researcher had time to ask and answer about learning English with the students, such as the difficulties and the tips to learn English . The researcher took note on students’ difficulties and needs through sharing. Their difficulties were generally on motivation and how to master the language. Although some students have interest in English, some of them said they did not like English. They needed help to increase their motivation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 51 Besides, they wanted learning activities that could attract them to learn English better. The students also needed to find how they could learn English better. And, they found difficulties in mastery of vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and spelling, listening, and speaking.

b. The Result of Questionnaire for English Teachers