9
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the literature review which is useful as background knowledge. Besides, it provides theories to be elaborated later on the discussion of
the research in supporting the topic of the research. This chapter is divided into theoretical description, which is related to the terms and the theories supporting
the research, and theoretical framework, in which the theories are applied in the research.
A. Theoretical Description
In this part, the related theories in this research are discussed. They are Integrated Materials Design, Kemp‟s Model of Instructional Design, Borg
Gall‟s Research and Development Cycle, Vocational High School, The Eleventh Grade Students of SMK Negeri 1 Klaten, Multiple Intelligences in Teaching and
Learning English, KTSP or School Based Curriculum, and Previous Research.
1. Integrated Materials Design
According to Brown 2001, people have two forms of productive performance, oral and written, and two forms of receptive performance, aural or
auditory and reading. Those performance or skills have relationship among one another. One skill cannot be completely separated from other skills. Production
and reception are quite simply two sides of the same coin, which one cannot split
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
10 the coin in two Brown, 2001. Besides, one skill will reinforce another. Although
each skill has different characteristics, integration can still utilize a strong, principled approach to focus on separate skills Brown, 2001.
Thus, the materials provided for teaching and learning English are best to be developed in the area of those four skills. Listening, speaking, reading, and
writing skills can either be trained or learned separately or integrative. In integrated materials, the four skills become the focus of the development or
adaptation of the materials, and also the activities. The latter is the kind of materials which would be developed in this study. The integrated materials are
aimed to keep the balance between productive skills, speaking and writing, and receptive skills, listening and reading, so that there will be balance of
development among four skills .
Those four skills, according to Feez and Joyce 2002, which are also called the four macroskills, are often paired in terms of spoken and written
language. The first pair is listening and speaking or oracy. The second pair is reading and writing or literacy. Listening and speaking are paired up for the
reason that the skills which support listening are complimentary to the skills which support speaking. They both constitute the same channel of
communication. On the other hand, reading skills are complimentary to the skills which support writing Feez Joyce, 2002.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
11
2. Kemp’s Model of Instructional Design
Kategori