42
D. Data Analysis Technique
The data were collected through field notes, questionnaire, and interview. The data for research and information collecting were collected through field
notes, questionnaire, and interview. Meanwhile, the data for preliminary field testing were collected through questionnaire.
1. Data Analysis of Research and Information Collecting
The data collection in research and information collecting were aimed to find the tendency of participants’ opinions toward the process of teaching and
learning English in classroom and toward the importance and existence of Multiple Intelligences.
Data from field notes during English lesson and interview with a teacher and four students would be analyzed in narrative description. Meanwhile, the data
from questionnaire for teachers and students were in the form of Likert Scale and open-ended questions. Therefore, the analysis would be in numerical data for data
using Likert scale, and narrative description for open-ended questions. In Likert scale, the participants’ judgments were categorized into 4 degrees of agreement
scales, which are strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree. The total scale score was found by summing the numeric responses for each item. This total
score represented the respondent’s attitude toward the statements. Table 3.1 describes the
participants’ judgments using Likert Scale.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
43
Table 3.1 Degree of Agreement Degree of Agreement
Meaning
1 Strongly disagree
2 Disagree
3 Agree
4 Strongly disagree
2. Data Analysis of Preliminary Field Testing
In preliminary field testing, the data collection was aimed to get evaluation and feedback of the designed materials. The data collection was done using
questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to experts in the field. The questionnaires for experts were in the form of Likert scale and open-ended
questions. Hence, the data would be analyzed in the form of numerical presentation or descriptive statistic for the Likert Scale, and narrative description
for the open-ended questions. Analysis of Likert scale, the central tendency or averages of the
participants’ opinion could be found. According to
Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 2002 central tendency can be used to summarize data to find three indexes that
can represent a whole set of measures. The three indexes are the mode, median, and mean. The mode is the value in a distribution that occurs most frequently. The
median is the point in the centre of distribution after the data are arranged in rank order. Then, the mean or average point is the sum of all the values in a distribution
divided by the number of cases. In this research, the central tendency of the respondents’ opinions was the mean of the data. The data presentation would be
as in Table 3.2.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
44
Table 3.2 Descriptive Statistics of Participants’ Opinion Blank
No. Participants’ Opinion on…
Central Tendency N
Mn Mdn
Md
Note:
N : Number of participants
Mdn : Median Mn
: Mean Md
: Modus
The following is the formula to calculate the mean:
X X =
N
Note: X
= Mean average point X = The sum of the score
X = Score
N = Number of subject
In preliminary field testing, the descriptiion of participants were also gained. It was aimed to identify the background of the participants. Table 3.3
shows the data presentation of the participants ’ description.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
45
Table 3.3 Description of the Research Participants Blank Group of
Participants No.
Gender Educational
Background Teaching Experience
in years F
M S1
S2 S3
1-5 6-10
11-15 16-20
20
English Language
Education lecturers of
Sanata Dharma University
1. 2.
English teachers of SMK Negeri
1 Klaten 1.
2. Engish
instructor of Lembaga
Bahasa Sanata Dharma
University 1.
Total
E. Research Procedure
Kategori