Develop Preliminary Form of Product Preliminary Field Testing Main Product Revision

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2. Planning

Planning was done to prepare the materials that would be designed. According to Borg and Gall 1983, the most important aspect of planning is the statement of the specific objectives to be achieved by the products and precise specification of outcomes or objectives p. 779. In this study, planning included defining the purpose and objectives of the designing materials. The skills that would be fostered were also identified. Then, the topics of the materials were also determined. The contents and activities of the materials were selected. The development the contents and activities were suited to the objectives and topics being stated. The objectives, skills, topics, and subject contents that would be developed in the materials were suited to the curriculum of SMK Negeri 1 Klaten, which is KTSP or School-Based Curriculum. All of them were used to establish the contents and activities of the materials. The objectives, skills, and time estimation of the materials that would be developed were presented in the form of syllabus.

3. Develop Preliminary Form of Product

In this step, the materials were developed based on the planning step. In this research, the materials employed integrative skills, and based on Multiple Intelligences theory. Lesson plans were made to outline the objectives, contents, activities, time allocation, and sources of the materials. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 34

4. Preliminary Field Testing

Preliminary field testing aimed to get feedback from the expert in the field toward the designed materials. According to Borg Gall 1983, it is done by implementing the materials to a small group of students. Then, the feedback is gathered from the students through interview, observation, and questionnaire. In this research, materials which were designed were reviewed and evaluated by two English lecturers of Sanata Dharma University, two English teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Klaten, and one instructor of Lembaga Bahasa Sanata Dharma University. Questionnaires were distributed to get the feedback for improvement of the materials.

5. Main Product Revision

Main product revision was the step after the materials being evaluated. From the evaluation, improvements were made to make the materials better and more proper. In order to fulfill the first up to the fifth steps, this research employed survey research in data collecting. Survey research is research technique in which data are gathered by asking questions of a group of individuals called respondents Ary, Jacobs Razavieh, 2002. In this research, the data are gathered through distributing questionnaires and conducting interviews with the participants or respondents. The step of designing the materials in this research can be seen in Figure 3.1. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 35 Figure 3.1 The Cycle or Steps of Designing English Materials in this Research Note: Continue to next step Evaluation line Containing line Revision line Research and information collecting Planning Develop preliminary form of product Preliminary field testing Main product revision Learners’ Characteristics Learning Objectives Subject Content TL Activities, Resources Evaluation Goals, Topics, and General Purposes Revision Designing complete materials Observation, Questionnaire, Interview Questionnaire PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 36

B. Research Settings