C. Conceptual Framework
In order to ease the study, the researcher needs to make the theoretical framework. The framework gives the writer boundaries of how far he conducts the
study. Based on the theories above, the researcher in this study discusses the spelling changes of the loan word used in the bahasa Indonesia version of Dan
Brown‟s novel, Angels and Demons. First of all, after reading the novel, the writer writes down the data into a table and classified them into Type of Word Type,
Adjustment of word Adjustment and Translation Method. Each data is equipped with data code that looked like this 79SL223TL295 that shows the number of
data, the number of page in original novel and the number of page in translated novel.
Furthermore, there are more detailed classification such as Simple Word, Complex Word, Translated Word, Single Vowel, Double Vowel, Single
Consonant, Double Consonant, Affixes, Literal Translation, Faithfull Translation, Semantic Translation, Free Translation, Adaptation, Idiomatic Translation, and
Communicative Translation. In the study, the researcher uses loan word theories by Sayogie 2009 and
Samsuri 1994. To analyze the spelling adjustments of the loan word, the researcher uses spelling adjustment rules by Alwi 1988 and EYD 2001. To
analyze the translation method, the researcher utilizes translation method theory by Newmark 1988 and Larson 1984. The researcher also discusses the reason
behind every change that happen to the loan words used in the Indonesian novel version of Angels and Demons.
To make the framework clear, the researcher presents the analytical construct below.
D. Analytical Construct
v
Translation
ST: Angels and Demon
TT: Malaikat dan Iblis
English Expressions
Bahasa Indonesia Adjustment
Translation Processes:
Loan Words
Intersemiotic Intralingual
Interlingual
Spelling Changes
Types of Loan
words Translation Method
Simple Word
Translated Word
Complex Word
Single Vowels
Double Vowels
Single Consonants
Double Consonants
Closer to SL Closer to TL
Literal Translation
Faithful Translation
Semantic Translation
Free Translation
Adaptation Idiomatic
Translation Communicative
Translation
Billingual Multilingual
Consonant Clusters
Affixes
c
Fig 5. Analytical Construct
30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter describes the research methods employed in this study. The chapter consists of six parts. They are type of the research, data and source of the
data, research instruments, data collection, data analysis, and trustworthiness. The type of the research on this study is described and followed by the data and data
sources. Then, instruments of the research are explained. Data collection presents what kind of techniques used to collect the data. Then, data analysis section
describes how the data are analyzed. Finally, in order to achieve credibility the trustworthiness is used.
A. Type of Research
This research was descriptive qualitative method applying the content analysis technique. Bogdan and Biklen 2003: 28 state that one of feature of
qualitative research is that it is descriptive and concerns providing description of a phenomenon that occurs naturally without any intervention of an experiment or an
artificially contrived treatment. Sutopo 2002: 35 says in qualitative research, the data collected are in the
forms of words, sentences or pictures, which more valuable than number or frequency. By using descriptive qualitative method, the researcher only collects,
classifies, analyzes the data, and then draws a conclusion. This research belongs to qualitative research since it does not employ
statistic procedure and calculation. Strauss Corbin in Syamsuddin Damianti
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