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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter describes the research methods employed in this study. The chapter consists of six parts. They are type of the research, data and source of the
data, research instruments, data collection, data analysis, and trustworthiness. The type of the research on this study is described and followed by the data and data
sources. Then, instruments of the research are explained. Data collection presents what kind of techniques used to collect the data. Then, data analysis section
describes how the data are analyzed. Finally, in order to achieve credibility the trustworthiness is used.
A. Type of Research
This research was descriptive qualitative method applying the content analysis technique. Bogdan and Biklen 2003: 28 state that one of feature of
qualitative research is that it is descriptive and concerns providing description of a phenomenon that occurs naturally without any intervention of an experiment or an
artificially contrived treatment. Sutopo 2002: 35 says in qualitative research, the data collected are in the
forms of words, sentences or pictures, which more valuable than number or frequency. By using descriptive qualitative method, the researcher only collects,
classifies, analyzes the data, and then draws a conclusion. This research belongs to qualitative research since it does not employ
statistic procedure and calculation. Strauss Corbin in Syamsuddin Damianti
2006: 73 say that qualitative research is a research that the findings are not obtained by means of statistic procedure and calculation.
This research did not incorporate an experiment nor statistic calculation. The research only collected data in the form of words, classified and described the
data and then drew conclusion. Therefore, this study was a descriptive qualitative study.
B. Data and Sources of Data
The data of this research were in the form of words. The contexts of the data were sentences and utterances. Source of data refers to the subject from
which the data are obtained. Sutopo 2002: 50-54 states that source of data in qualitative research can be informant, event or activity, place, and document,
therefore, the source of data of this research was a novel entitled Malaikat dan Iblis
. The novel was the Indonesian version of Dan Brown‟s Angels and Demons which is published in New York, 2000. It is translated by Ingrid Dwijani
Nimpoeno. The Indonesian version of the novel was published by Bentang Pustaka in Yogyakarta 2014.
C. Research Instruments
The instruments in this study were the researcher himself, data sheets, and related references. In this research, the researcher acted as the planner, data
collector, data analyst, data interpreter, and reporter of the analysis result. Meanwhile, in conducting this study, the researcher used additional instruments,
such as dictionaries and a computer to collect and classify the data.
D. Data Collection
The process of data collection in this study used the content analysis technique. In this process the writer did as follows:
a. Read both the original and translated version of the novel to gain the
data. b.
Collect and record the data from both original and translated version of the novel.
c. Sort out the data and classify them into criteria.
E. Data Analysis
In doing analysis, the researcher compared some previous studies which have the similar case as this research. The data were analyzed using content
analysis technique. Krippendorf, 2004: 18 says that content analysis is a kind of technique used to analysis a certain text to make a valid conclusion. He also says
that content analysis involves special procedures. Content analysis is a research technique for making replicable and valid
inferences from texts or other meaningful matter to the contexts of their use. As a technique, content analysis involves specialized procedures. It is
learnable and divorceable from the personal authority of the researcher. As a research technique, content analysis provides new insights, increases a
researchers understanding of particular phenomena, or informs practical actions. Content analysis is a scientific tool Krippendorf, 2004: 18.
According to Weber in Moleong, 2009: 220, content analysis is research methodology that uses a number of procedures to draw valid conclusions from a
book or document. He adds that that qualitative content analysis goes beyond merely counting words to examining language intensely for the purpose of
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