84
Figure 4.9 thoughts of
tɒtsɒf
Basically, sound simplification in this case has similar law with sound substitution where the speaker substitutes the difficult-to-be-prononced sound
with another sound which is easy to be produced. However, in simplification case, the substituted sound is the sounds minimal pair which has all the same features
in composition, except the voiceless-voiced feature. That is why; this kind substitution is called as simplification. Besides, the Korean speakers are not
accustomed to minimal pairs, the difference between voiced and voiceless sound sounded same in their ears.
4. Sound Assimilation
Then, this section will discuss the strategy that can only be used by word groups. Here, the data of the number of this strategy.
t ɒ t s ɒ f O N C O N C
R R
σ σ
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85
Table 4.15: Sound Assimilation
No Sound
Total Frequency based on group of classification
f in single
word f in word
group v in
single word
v in word group
f and v in single
word and word
group
1 Velar plosives k
3 3
2 Alveolar plosives t
2 1
1 3
Alveolar fricatives s
13 13
4 Bilabial plosives b
11 11
5 Palato-alveolar
fricatives
ʃ
2 2
Total 31
4 27
The strategy which is discussed in this section is assimilation. Assimilation is a process of modification of sound to make the sound more similar
to other sound in its neighborhood Katamba, 1996. In this study there were 31 performances which suffered assimilation process, 4 at f in word group and 27 at
v in word groups. The discussion was to be started from sound k assimilation. The table
4.15 showed that the assimilation also used sound k to replace the voiceless labiodental fricative sound. It could be seen in the word group block fop. The word
block ended with sound k so that the next word beginning with f, for, was replaced by k. So, the word group was block fop was pronounced as
blɒk kə
. However, there was a special phenomenon happening in the next word group, life
get. The neighbor sound was g but the assimilated sound was k. It was caused by the uniqueness of Korean language. Korean language was special language
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86 because this language does not know minimal pairs. In this language, sound k
and g is similar and written with one symbol ㄱ . The speakers do not differentiate between voiceless and voiced sound. When that letter is placed at the
syllable initial it can be read as g or k, but when it is placed at syllable final it is always pronounced as k. Therefore, the assimilation used sound k not g even
the neighbor sound was g like
laɪk get
. The next sound used to assimilate the non-existinging sound was d. The
word group tupn off the was pronounced as
tə nɒd də
. It happened because the neighboring sound
ð
experienced neutralization into d so that the labiodental fricative sound was replaced with d instead of
ð
. It happened because Korean did not have dental fricative sound, both the voiceless and voiced sound.
Then, the third assimilation process employed the sound s. There were three word groups suffering this process, have stayed, love songs, and weve still.
The first word group was pronounced as
hes steɪ
, the second one as
lɒs sɒŋ
, and the last one as
wɪs stɪl
. From the sound production it could be observed that all the voiced sounds were assimilated into the next initial sound, s.
Next, there was another sounds which was similar to the nature of sound k and g. The sounds were p and b. In Korean, these two sounds have
the same symbol ㅂ . There was no minimal pair between these two sounds. To differentiate the sound was difficult when it is placed in the beginning of syllable,
it could be b or p because both of them are correct. However, when the sound is placed in the end of syllable the sound will always be p. So, in this case the
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87 labiodental fricative sound was replaced with p even the neighbor sound was b
like in the word group have been and have become. The first word group was pronounced as h
ep bɪn
, whereas the second word as h
ep bɪkʌm
. Besides, the labiodental fricatives was also assimilated with sound m like
in the word groups love might, weve made it, leave me, and youve made it. Those word group in sequence were pronounced as
lɒm maɪ
,
wɪm meɪ dɪt
,
lɪm mɪ
, and
jʊm meɪ dɪt
. Next, there was one word group which suffered assimilation using sound
d, youve done. This word group was pronounced as
jʊt dʌn
. In this section, it could be seen that the sound v was not able to be produced accurately so that the
sound was replaced with t as a part of assimilation process. However, the neighbor sound was d. This phenomenon drives to the fact that Korean do not
have difference between t and d. Both of them have one symbol, ㄷ . This symbol can be pronounced as t or d at the initial of the syllable but as t in the
final syllable. Another sound used was
ʃ. The word group wave should was pronounced as
wɪʃ ʃaʊd
and
wɪʃ ʃʌ
. The labiodental fricative sound in this word group was replaced with sound
ʃ. However, in Korean, there is no sound ʃ as a single sound. The sound
ʃ can be produced when the single sound s meets
ɪ
. Though the symbol is similar ㅅ , the reaction will be different. So, when s meets
ɪ
it will be
ʃ
ɪ
or 시, but when the sound s meets other vowels, for example
ʌ
, it
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88 will be
sʌ
or 사. However, in this case, the sound ʃ can be produced whatever
the vowels that followed. Discussing assimilation indirectly we discuss sound gemination. In this
case, gemination is a part of assimilation because the assimilation process makes double consonant between the two words, when it is pronounced quickly, it will
be geminate sound.
5. Insertion - Paragoge and Epenthesis
