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CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the results of the document analysis to answer the three problems formulated in the study. This chapter discusses the findings of the
accuracy of Korean speakers, in this case singers, pronounce words or word groups containing voiceless f and voiced v labiodental fricatives when they
sing English songs in live performance, the findings of speakers linguistic strategy to solve the non-exist sounds which is labiodental fricatives, the findings
of syllable structure of word and word group contain labiodental fricatives and the additional findings of the research which can be topic for future research.
A. Accuracy of Voiceless and Voiced Labiodental Fricative Sound
Articulation within Words and Word Groups by Korean Speakers
This part will discuss how accurate the Korean speakers which are represented by Korean singers pronounce the absent sounds, in this case
labiodental fricatives.
1. Total Number of Words and Word Groups
From 20 videos analyzed, the writer found 561 single words and word groups using labiodental fricatives. After collecting the words, the writer tried to
classify the finding based on the type. There were two big classifications, single
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45 word class and word groups class. Each class was also divided using manner of
articulation, or in other words it was divided into voiceless and voiced sounds. From that classification, it was discovered five types of labiodental fricatives.
They were voiceless labiodental fricative words, voiced labiodental fricative words, voiceless labiodental fricative word groups, voiced labiodental fricative
word groups, and the combination of both voiceless and voiced sound in words and word groups.
Table 4.1: f in Single Words
No Words
Frequency of occurring
of each word
Number of words
Total of occurring
1 forget, different, famine, feast, reflected,
wherefore, rough, fancy, staff, puffs, flags, fearless, feels, fantasy, myself, softly, fill, fate,
flow, family, fulfill, future, feelings, half, after, fast, friends, fine, unforgettable, fit, fingers,
forth, if, dragonfly, butterfly, fun, feeling, before, yourself
1 39
39
2 face, fading, fear, far, fools, find, peaceful,
godforsaken 2
8 16
3 flower, phone, fix, first, fifteenth
3 5
15 4
from, fool, hopeful, feel 4
4 16
5 free, falling, enough
5 3
15 6
life 6
1 6
7 frolicked
7 1
7 8
fall, friend 8
2 16
9 puff
11 1
11 10
for 19
1 19
TOTAL 65
160
Starting from the table f in single words which contains voiceless labiodental fricatives words, the sound f appeared 160 times within 65 words
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46 which contained 53 words had f in the beginning of syllable and 12 words in the
other place. It could be in the end of syllable or before other letter in the beginning syllable.
Table 4.2: f in Word Groups
No Word Groups
Frequency of occurring
of each word
Number of word
groups Total of
occurring
1 for all, life in, fell like, know if, block for, life
aint, for us, find out, fall upon, life and, turn off the, knew if I, driftin out
1 13
13 2
if you, if a, life gets, turning off 2
4 8
3 life is, enough is, fed up,
3 3
9 4
if I 4
1 4
5 turn off
19 1
19
TOTAL 22
53
The table f in word group showed the frequencies of voiceless labiodental fricatives within word groups. From that table it could be seen that f
appears 53 times within word groups. There were 22 various word groups that could be identified as 6 word groups with labiodental fricatives in the beginning
syllable of the first word, 10 word groups with that sound in the end of syllable in the first word. While, there are 6 word groups where labiodental fricatives
appeared in the second word, 1 in the beginning syllable and 5 in the end of syllable.
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Table 4.3: v in Single Words
No Words
Frequency of occurring
of each word
Number of words
Total of occurring
1 heaven, private, survive, alive, souvenirs,
travel, brave, cave, everyday, move, very, savior, even, themselves, covers
1 15
15
2 wave, average, video, whatever
2 4
8 3
ever, whenever, anniversary, driving 3
4 12
4 weve, youve, Ive, having
4 4
16 5
everything, loved, living 5
3 15
6 have, over
6 2
12 7
voice, lived 7
2 14
8 leave
10 1
10 9
never, wherever 11
2 22
10 of
13 1
13 11
every 27
1 27
12 love
62 1
62
TOTAL 40
226
From the table of voiced labiodental fricatives words, the appearance of the sound v was 226 times. While, the words which had been found were 40 words. It
consisted of 25 words which had labiodental fricatives sound in the beginning and 15 in the other place.
Table 4.4: v in Word Groups
No Word Groups
Frequency of occurring
of each word Number
of word groups
Total of occurring
1 loneliness of, up above, love Ive, shadows of, lord
of all, thoughts of it, believe in, dont have, thoughts of, love might, never amount, weve made it, leave
me, thoughts of you, but Ive, take of, love you, youve made it, youve done, of a, goes Ive, weve
still, have become, trace of 1
24 24
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No Word Groups
Frequency of occurring
of each word Number
of word groups
Total of occurring
2 vapor in, world of, wave should
2 3
6 3
themselves out, over you, move I, over us 3
4 12
4 have a
4 1
4 5
have stayed, love songs 6
2 12
6 because of you, tired of, because of
8 3
24 7
have been 10
1 10
8 sick of
25 1
25
TOTAL 39
117
Next, table v in word group, showed the finding of labiodental fricatives within word groups. From the finding, there were 39 different word groups which
were performed 117 times. From that 39 word groups, 4 word groups had labiodental fricatives sound in the beginning which was placed in first word. With
the highest number, 17 word groups, there were two different types of word groups. Both of them had that sound in the end of the syllable but the first 17
word group group had that sound in the end of syllable of the first word, whereas the another 17 word group group had labiodental fricatives sound in the end of
syllable of the second word in sequence. Besides, there was one word group who has labiodental fricatives in both first and second word in sequence. This word
group had that sound in the beginning of syllable of the first word and in the end of syllable of the second word.
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Table 4.5: f and v in Single Words and Word Groups
No Single Words and Word Group
Frequency of occurring
of each word
Number of words
Total of occurring
1 even if I, for all of time, lives forever
1 3
3 2
forever 2
1 2
TOTAL 4
5
The last table, which contained the findings of combination both voiceless and voiced sound, showed four different types, 1 single word and 3 word groups.
Total appearances of those types are 5 times. Within the single word, the voiceless sound appeared in the beginning of second syllable in sequence and the voiced
sound appeared in the beginning of the third syllable. The other hand, the three word groups also had their own combination. One had voiced sound in the
beginning of syllable of the first word and the end of the syllable of the second word. The next word group had voiceless sound in the beginning of the first word
and voiced sound in the end of the third word. The last word group had voiced sound in the end of first word and the exactly same combination as the previous
word in the second word. While, the voiceless sound appeared in the beginning of the second syllable and the voiced sound appeared in the beginning of the third
syllable.
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2. The Percentage of Accurate and Inaccurate Performances towards
Kategori