31 word is pronounced as geol-da
gɒldʌ
. While, when it is followed by vowel, onset maximalism will be directly applied as 걸어 geol-eo which is pronounced
as geo-reo
gɒrɒ
Lee and Ramsey, 2000.
2 Gemination
Geminates are double or long consonants Harris, 1996. Katamba 1996 also stated that sounds were geminated if the same consonantal articulation is held
for the duration of two consonantal beats. The former explanation also can be named true gemination. There is also the fake one. Fake geminates are pairs of
identical consonants which accidentally occur together as a result of juxtaposition of two morphemes.
C. Theoretical Framework
As the framework, some points can be summed up. Between English and Korean language there are some sounds which are absent. Thus, the Koreans use
the sounds which are present in their language to label the absent language. In this case is labiodental fricatives. Koreans use the variation of p and b which have
the highest quality of similarity as the labeling to f and v. The variation of bilabial plosives are used because Korean speakers have no minimal pairs, the lax-
aspirated-tense sounds occur depends on the position or the neighbor. In relation to the problems of this study, phonological analysis of
labiodental fricatives performed by Koreans, will be analyzed based on theories presented in the theoretical description. In case inaccuracy is found out, the
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32 inaccuracy will be explained deeper using phonological strategies so that what
kind of phonological process happening will be revealed. There are six phonological strategies used which will be described briefly.
Starting from the most used strategy, sound substitution. This strategy allows the present sounds in the L1 substitute the labiodental fricative sounds. Then, sound
deletion is a strategy which omits the absent sound. This strategy simply omit the labiodental fricative sound without any replacement. The third strategy is sound
simplification. This strategy allowed the changing from voiced sound into voiceless sound. Next, sound assimilation is strategy which allows the absent
sound to be assimilated to the neighbor sound. Insertion is also applied in this study. This strategy allows present sound to be inserted and attached to the
labiodental fricative sound to ease the sound produced accurately. The last one is strategy related to the syllable structure. There are two ways to restructure the
syllable based on this study, onset maximalism and gemination. Onset maximalism is strategy that move the coda into the onset position, whereas
gemination is strategy where the consonant in coda position is pronounced both in the syllable final and initial. Those strategies explained are the strategies which
occur in this study. From the data collected it can be see that those strategies are used by Korean singers to solve the difficulty when they face the labiodental
fricatives.
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33
CHAPTER III RESEARCH TETHODOLOGY
The current chapter elaborates the methodology of the study. It begins with the method which is applied in the study. Then, the next section deals with
the object of the study. In the third section the instruments of the research is discussed. The next section talks about the data collection. The fifth section
focuses on analyzing the data. The last one exposes the chronological steps of the study.
A. Research Tethod
Since this study dealt with sound production analysis, which focuses on the accuracy when Koreans produce labiodental fricatives, this research employed
qualitative research. This study tries to see how accurate the sound to be produced.
If we see the sources of data collecting, this study can be narrowed into document analysis. Document analysis is described as a method of research
utilized to written or visual materials for the aim of identifying specified characteristics of the material or a project that focuses on analyzing and
interpreting recorded materials within its own context Ary Razavieh, 2002. The videos were utilized as the main object to analyze types of errors in sound
production done by the subject analysis, in this case the Korean singers.
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