80 From the earlier observation, it could be seen that the Korean speakers
omitted both voiceless and voiced sound of labiodental fricative sound in the syllable final and it had vowel before the sound. Besides, the labiodental fricative
sound within ambiguous syllable was also deleted accompanied with some vowel and consonant sounds. The sound within consonant cluster was also omitted but it
crossed the rule. The labiodental fricative sound must be deleted no matter the position, not only in the very final of the syllable.
3. Simplification of Voiced Sound into Voiceless Sound
Simplification is a process to simplify the sound, from voiced sound into voiceless sound, so that it eases the speakers to pronounce Odden, 2005. In this
case, the Korean speakers simplified the voiced labiodental fricative sound into voiceless labiodental fricative sound.
Table 4.14: Sound Simplification
No Sound
Total Frequency based on group of classification
f in single
word f in word
group v in
single word
v in word group
f and v in single
word and word
group
1 Voiced sound into
voiceless sound 15
7 6
2
Total 15
7 6
2
From the table 4.14, it could be observed that the sound v was replaced with sound f. After observing the former part which told about accuracy where
voiceless labiodental fricative sound was easier to produce than the voiced sound,
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81 this phonology strategy was possible to be categorized as one of most used
strategies. It was showed by the high percentage of the accurate production. The table showed that Korean speakers, sometimes, used the voiceless
sound, f, to replace the voiced sound, v. This simplification happened both in the beginning and the end of the syllable and only in the voiced sound groups. It
happened 15 times in total. In the group 2 there are 7 performances suffered sound simplification.
Here were some examples from group 2, evepy
evrɪ
to be
efrɪ
, of
ɒvəv
to be
ɒf
, nevep
nevəʳ
to be
nefər
, voice
vɔɪs
to be
fɔɪs
, etc. From the collected findings, it could be seen that within single words the simplification could happen
in all position. The word nevep and voice showed simplification that happened in the beginning of syllable followed by vowel. The word evepy showed
simplification happened in the beginning of syllable which was followed by consonant or simplification within consonant cluster. Then, the last example, of
was one example of sound simplification in the end of syllable. The next types were v in word groups and combination of f and v.
There were 6 performances and 2 performances from each types which were suffered sound simplification. Starting from v in word groups, some examples
were taken as the representation of each variation, lopd of all
lɒrd əv ɔːl
to be
lɒd ɒf ɒ
, because of you
bɪkɒzɒvjʊ
to be
bɪkɒ?sɒfjʊ
, thoughts of
θɔːtzəv
to be
tɒt sɒt.
While combination f and v had fopevep
fərevəʳ
which became
forefər
,
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82 and lives fopevep
lɪvz fərevəʳ
to be
lɪf foevə
. From the former examples we could see that simplification happened in all position.
In the next part, v in word groups would be discussed profoundly because this group contained gemination and syllable movement.
Figure 4.7 lord of all
lɒdɒfɒ
Starting from the first word group, lopd of all, this word group had labiodental fricative sound in the end of syllable followed by vowel so that the
sound movement happened within. This word group was actually pronounced as
[lɒ dɒ fɒ]
as showed in figure 4.7. The consonant ending d and f were moved into the next syllable which was begun with vowel.
l ɒ d ɒ f ɒ O N O N O N
R R R
σ σ σ
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83
Figure 4.8 because of you
bɪkɒsɒfjʊ or [bɪkɒsɒf fjʊ]
Then, the next word group was because of you. The sound in this word group was followed by semi-vowel sound j so that the sound was moved to the
next syllable like in the figure 4.8, and also the ending s was moved to the next syllable after inserted by stop. It also happened in the third word group thoughts
of where the ending s was moved to the next syllable.
b ɪ k ɒ s ɒ f j ʊ O N O N O N CO O N
R R R R
σ σ σ σ
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84
Figure 4.9 thoughts of
tɒtsɒf
Basically, sound simplification in this case has similar law with sound substitution where the speaker substitutes the difficult-to-be-prononced sound
with another sound which is easy to be produced. However, in simplification case, the substituted sound is the sounds minimal pair which has all the same features
in composition, except the voiceless-voiced feature. That is why; this kind substitution is called as simplification. Besides, the Korean speakers are not
accustomed to minimal pairs, the difference between voiced and voiceless sound sounded same in their ears.
4. Sound Assimilation
