62 the word group was pronounced in three ways,
dəmselzaʊt
,
dəmselsɔʊt
, and
dəselsɔʊt
. We could see that all v within those performances were omitted.
7. Korean Speaker Accuracy on Voiceless and Voiced Labiodental
Fricatives Combination
The last table is the combination of f and v within word or word group.
Table 4.11: The Accuracy of f and v within Combination
No Classifications
Total Accurate
Inaccurate Words
word groups
Appearance Num.
Num.
1 f and v in syllable
initial 1
2 2
2 f and v in syllable
initial cluster 3
f and v in syllable final 4
f and v in syllable final cluster
5 f and v as ambisyllabic
sound 6
f and v in double position
3 3
3 100
TOTAL 4
5 5
100
Among the six sub-types, the combination dealt with only two of them, syllable initial and double position. f and v in syllable initial was performed
twice and from the total number of performances, all were inaccurate. While, the double position was performed three times with same result to the previous type.
Seeing the result of each type, conclusion, briefly, could be taken that from total 5 performance there was nothing could be performed accurately. The results bring
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63 conclusion that Korean speaker will find difficulty when more than one
labiodental fricatives found within one word or some word in sequence. Their ability of producing combination f and s and word groups within single word or
word group is poop. In order to differentiate the sub-type, this part gave short explanation for
all examples from each sub-type. The first one was the sound in the initial of syllable. There is one single word which contains f and v in the beginning of
syllable, fopevep
fərevəʳ
. This word was confirmed produced inaccurately as
forefər
and
poevə
. In the first production, v in the beginning of the third syllable was substituted with f. While the second one, the f in the initial word
was replaced with p. Moving to the sub-type 6, there were three word groups contained
labiodental fricatives in different places within. They were even if I
iːv
ə
nɪfaɪ
, lives fopevep
lɪvz fərevəʳ
, and fop all of time
fɒʳɔːləv taɪm
. All of them were pronounced inaccurately. The first word group was pronounced as
ɪpənɪpaɪ
. From the phonetic transcription we can see that both f which was placed in the
end of syllable and v in the beginning of the syllable could not be produced accurately. The next word group contained three labiodental fricatives, both
voiceless and voiced sound. The word group was pronounced as
lɪf foevə
. From those three labiodental fricatives we could see that the only mistake happened was
v in the word lives was pronounced as f. Then, the last word group which contained one f as the initial word and v as the ending word was performed
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64 as
fɒrɒlɒtaɪm
. Here, we can see initial f can be pronounced accurately, whereas the ending v was missing.
B. Korean Speakers Linguistic Strategies towards Non-existing
Labiodental Fricative Sound
The earlier part shows the frequency of the findings and also the Korean speakers’ accuracy towards f and v within single words and word groups. From
the finding, it can be concluded that there are still some inaccurate productions of sound. Therefore, this part will discuss the possible strategies applied towards the
non-existing sounds. Besides the linguistic strategies for inaccurate sound production, there are four linguistic strategies used for variation, where the sound
can be produced accurately but there are some adlibs to ease the sound to be pronounced.
The following are the linguistic strategies applied where the sound cannot be produced accurately. There are sound substitution, sound deletion,
simplification, and assimilation.
1. Sound Substitution
When Korean speakers, in this case Korean singers, produced English, they substituted the non-existing sound in English with the existing sound in their
own language Jenkins, 2009. In this case, Hangul, Korean peoples language does not have labiodental fricative sound Rogers, 2005. Therefore, they
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