Research Instruments Data Gathering Technique

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C. Research Instruments

There were some instruments used in this document analysis. Those instruments are: 1. Human Instrument For gathering the data, the writer employs human as the instrument. Ary and Razavieh 2002 stated that one major character which shows the difference between qualitative and quantitative research is the condition where human can be used as primary instrument for gathering data, or human as instrument. Qualitative research such document analysis study which dealt with human experiences and situation needed a flexible instrument to ensnare the complexity of both subject. Therefore, this study that deals with the situation where South Korean people speak English as international language employs the writer herself as the instrument to examine the phenomena happened in the subject. 2. The Videos of Korean Singers who Perform English Songs Dealing with document analysis, the document that is obtained during the observation is also called research instrument. The document is in form of video, live-performance video of Korean singers. In the video, the Korean singers do live performance. Editing was absent in their performances. The songs that the Korean speakers sing are English songs. The videos come from 2009 until 2011, time when Korean music goes intentionally. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 38

D. Data Gathering Technique

Since this study uses document analysis as the research technique, the main source of this study is the document in the form of video. Using the video, this study deals with document observation where the writer gather the data by observing the sound produced in the video. The documents are in the form of live-performance music videos which are collected by downloading from youtube.com. The writer at the first time tried to find the link to some television and radio live-performance show. This part was the hardest part of the process gathering document due to deletions of the link to some variety shows or reporting as spam by the copyright owner - the station television and radio. After searching out the link, the next step which should do was downloading the video using keepvid.com. Using keepvid.com, the video could be downloaded in the form of MP4 which had higher quality of picture and sound than flash video .flv form. After downloading the video, the first thing to do was lyrics matching. Here, the writer tried to match the lyrics to the video, which part should be omitted, which part is repeated. The purpose was to make the lyrics have exactly same part and sequence to the video. Then, the writer finds the words containing labiodental fricatives sound. After that, the writer transcribed the words based on the sound produced in the video. Though dealing with qualitative research, the study also used some table to ease the data collecting and classification of the frequency and the variation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 39 The following is the basic table used to collect the data. In more detail, the table was a table showing the word containing labiodental fricatives sound, the standard phonetic transcription, the number of appearance, the number of accurate appearance and also the inaccurate one, the variation phonetic transcription based the sound production in the video, and the last is the number of the same variation occur. Table 3.1: Basic Table No Word Word Group Standard Phonetic Transcription Frequency of Pronunciation Variation Appearance Accuracy Inaccuracy Phonetic Transcription Frequency of Appearance 1 2 3 ... The findings were also classified into groups. There are 5 types, single word contains voiceless sound group, single word contains voiced sound group, word group contains voiceless sound group, word group contains voiced sound group, and the combination sound group. The findings were divided into main 2 type, single word and word group in order to observe the possible strategy whether is affected by neighbor or not. Word group itself is a kind of group which has random combination. It does not create fixed phrase, such as adjective phrase, noun phrase, etc. it contains various type of words. For example, it can be a combination of noun verb, verb article, and many more. This word groups are employed to see the combination of sound not the meaning. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 40

E. Data Analysis Technique