We will show the courage to try and resolve our differences with other And we must be a source of hope to the poor, the sick, the

43. It does not mean we all define liberty in exactly the same way or

follow the same precise path to happiness. 73, XXII, b 44. Progress does not compel us to settle centuries-long debates about the role of government for all time, but it does require us to act in our time. 74, XXII, b Obama then continues directing people to act without debating the absolutism of principle, politics, and name-calling. 45. We cannot mistake absolutism for principle, or substitute spectacle for politics, or treat name-calling as reasoned debate. 76, XXIII, b

46. We must act , knowing that today‘s victories will be only partial and

that it will be up to those who stand here in four years and 40 years and 400 years hence to advance the timeless spirit once conferred to us in a spare Philadelphia hall. 78, XXIII, b These must be some crucial ways of thinking but Obama does not want the people to think that ways. He does not directly address Republicans but invokes images of a country working together. Instead, he commands the people to work. And he justifies this thought with the notion of spirit of American victory. Obama proclaims the importance of his inauguration day in the twenty fourth and twenty fifth paragraph. He compares his oath to the soldiers‘ struggle and the pledge held by the citizen. 47. My oath is not so different from the pledge we all make to the flag that waves above and that fills our hearts with pride. 82, XXIV, b

48. They are the words of citizens and they represent our greatest hope.

83, XXV, b

49. You and I, as citizens, have the power to

set this country‘s course. 84, XXV, b

50. You and I, as citizens, have the obligation to shape the debates of our

time -- not only with the votes we cast, but with the voices we lift in defense of our most ancient values and enduring ideals. 85, XXV, b In this way, he seems to be equally positioned with the citizens but behind that he wants the citizens‘ hard work for American economy stability. He insists on making what government plan is also what the people need. In the last two paragraphs, Obama ties together the norms and values to justify what he wants to do on America during his second term of office. He takes advantage of the idea of collectivism to bind the differing importance among citizen.

51. With common effort and common purpose, with passion and dedication

, let us answer the call of history and carry into an uncertain future that precious light of freedom. 87, XVI, b He convinces the people with the promised perfection if the values are applied through their real efforts. Freedom is promised in the name of common purpose and history while in reality government needs the support for the free market system since it is the running wheel of American democracy.

3. Significant Discourses in Both Inaugural Addresses

Discourse is culturally representation of reality where it constructs knowledge. Discourse appears in text for framing and positioning what are possible to be and to do on subjects. Analyzing discourses means to see how some categories of thinking and doing come to be generally taken for granted. This taken for granted knowledge is the tool in the exercise of power that circulates in the society. First thing that should be considered is the different ideologies that are delivered from the first and the second address. Second is to see deeply how the ideological values reshape how people achieve the reality of their society. The last is to see how interests are mobilized through the discourses.