The Recent Issues and Global Challenge faced by American

losing over 800,000 jobs per month. Therefore, in his term of office, he focuses more on rising of t he nation‘s economic stability.

C. Review on the Ideologies of America

This part is made to stand alone in order to give specific reviews on the ideologies which are embraced by the America Citizens. This part is going to explain the ideologies in detail. Therefore, the writer explains the ideologies based on the previously mentioned above. In America, the most dominant ideologies as the system belief that are shared together are liberty, freedom, and equality, democracy, law, and nationalism. Here, they are going to stand in one by one to see each definition and character. Later, it hopefully helps the analysis of the ideology in the President Obama‘s Inaugural Address.

1. Liberty, Freedom, and Equality

The first three to be explained are liberty, freedom, and equality. They contain more or less the same assessment. The notion of liberty is firstly taken from A Locke Dictionary of Philosopher Yolton, 1993. Liberty is seen as part of man‘s possession, along with life and prosperity so that the function of civil government is the protection of all these possessions. It is believed that man is born with the natural liberty that is ‗to be free from any Superior Power on Earth, not free from God or from the constraints or guides of the law or, in civil society, the positive laws. In a famous essay first published in 1669, Isaiah Berlin called these two concepts of liberty negative and positive respectively. Warburton 2001 states the three important points in Berlin‘s essay. According to him, the essay gives a useful distinction of the two types of freedom it shows how the positive freedom used often as instrument of oppression, and it describes the incompatibility of various human aims that suggest a high value of freedom. Hirschman 2008 explains the differences as follows: ―Freedom is thus defined as an absence of external barriers to doing what I want… For negative liberty, ―frustrating my wishes‖ is the delimiting factor of freedom. The classic statement of negative liberty i s often associated with Hobbes: ―By liberty, is understood, according to the proper signification of the word, the absence of external impediments: which impediments, may oft take away part of man‘s power to do what he would.‖ By contrast, positive liberty referred to the idea that freedom is not consistent with pursuing bad or wrong desires, but only true desires; and it allowed for various ways in which others, and particularly states, could ―second-guess‖ individuals‘ desires and decide which desires wer e consistent with their true ends.‖ Hirschman, 2008: 39 It is useful to think of the difference between the two concepts in terms of the difference between factors that are external and factors that are internal to the agent. Liberty, when embraced by a man as an ideology, it derivationally becomes liberal. ‗By definition‘, Maurice Cranston rightly points out, ‗a liberal is a man who believes in liberty‘ 1967. Therefore, it is also an ‗-ism‘ for those who believe it i.e. liberalism. Liberalism claims the abstract of the abstract freedom and equality of all individuals. Liberalism in its classical form presents individuals as living outside both state and society. Rose 2004, in the other hand, notices that freedom is in fact technical. Infused with relations of power, it entails specific modes of subjectification and is necessarily a thing of this world. However, these facts do not make liberty an illusion but open up the possibility of freedom as a constitutional form but as a politics of life. Bill of Rights as the basis of American Liberty are explicitly designed it to guarantee a secular, humanistic state Hunter, 1991. However, despite the conservative efforts to monopolize the religious principle, the God and religion are not completely excluded from the liberal narrative: ―America and every nation on earth is called by God to seek justice and serve the common good of humanity, not as a special privilege, however, but as special responsibility‖ Hunter, 1991: 113. Insofar, as they take as their starting point a state of nature in which humans are free and equal, and so argue that any limitation of this freedom and equality stands in need of justification that is the social structure and the laws. In accordance to what Locke says, Liberals see the market as natural and the desire to appropriate private property is linked to human nature Hoffman, 2007.

2. Democracy

Derived from Greek‘s noun demos people + verb kratein to rule, it means rule or government by the common p eople. ―The democratic ideal itself is deeply in the ideological conflict if the modern world King, 2007‖. However, some argue that the basic principles of democracy are founded in the idea that each individual has a right to liberty. Democracy extends the idea that each ought to be master of his or her life to the domain of collective decision making. First, each persons life is deeply affected by the larger social, legal and cultural environment in which he or she lives. Second, only when each person has an equal voice and vote in the process