The Grammar of Interpersonal Meaning: Mood

and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences. It looks for the items that combine together to make text cohesive and give it a unit of texture Halliday and Hassan, 1976. Furthermore, Halliday 1985 states that textual metafunction deals with the combination of patterns of grammar and vocabulary that ties meaning in text and connects the text to the social context in which it occurs. This meta-function consists of two sub-functions, Theme and Rheme Halliday, 2004. The definition of Theme as given by Halliday is that it is the element this serves as the point of departure of the message with which the clause is concerned Halliday, 1985. Theme is then the starting point of the clause message and it sets up the local context of a clause. It typically contains familiar or given information. In declarative mood, for example, a Subject acts as given information which is not marked while a theme that is something other than subject is called as a marked theme Halliday, 2004. In Traditional Grammar, this is similar to the concept of Fronting which is a term applied to receive the marked theme by moving into initial position an item which is otherwise unusual there Quirk et al.,1985. According to Mayr 2008, the choice of a marked theme contributes the ideological function of a text. Rheme, in the other hand is the defined as the part of the clause in which the Theme is developed. It contains unfamiliar or ‗new‘ information. Rheme is everything that is not included in theme Eggins, 2004. Theme and Rheme combination makes up the thematic structure of the clause Bloor and Bloor, 1995. Themes, especially, are examined in different ways by looking at the difference between marked and unmarked Themes. Then, they are also examined based on the difference between textual, interpersonal and topical Themes. Table 2.4. Components of Theme No. Theme Components of Theme 1. Textual theme Continuatives Conjunctions Conjunctive adjuncts Wh-relatives 2. Interpersonal theme Vocatives Modal adjuncts Finite elements Wh-question words 3. Topical theme Participant Circumstance Process Adapted From: Eggins, 2004: 81 Eggins 2004 explains there Theme development in text. The first is the Theme reiteration or a constant theme that simply repeat the same participant in order to create a clear focus. The second is the zigzag pattern or linear Theme in which the matter in the Rheme that is embedded in the first theme becomes the Theme in the following clause. It gains the cohesiveness by developing the newly introduced information. The third is the multiple-Theme pattern where a Theme includes a number of different pieces of information.

5. Review on the Theoretical Aspects of Spoken Political Speeches

To define political participation is not only to see it as the activity of politicians on one side and mere voting of citizens on the other, but also as an effort to persuade someone. Action like this is perceived as social practice and they consists of some exchange between the person who want to say or change