Critical Discourse Analysis Procedures of Data Analysis

a hierarchy of power which was confirmed by the naming practices and the transitivity analysis. An examination of cohesion which, amongst other things, required one to look at how pronouns were used to refer revealed that the reference system was not stable. Before doing the analysis it was difficult to know what aspect of the grammar that was going to be most fruitful in the analysis of that particular text so it was essential to examine all the aspects. Often the analysis of the separate elements produced patterns that were confirmed across the elements. In this part of analysis, the writer used quantitative analysis, in that things were counted. It was, however, not merely a statistical analysis but the quantitative data was used as a basis for interpretation. Using Transitivity analysis by M. A. K. Halliday, the addresses were examined to find the significance of language choices that succeed the addresses themselves in influencing and raising the public spirit to their country struggle in the critical situation. Transitivity analysis was used to figure out the experiential meaning. By knowing the ideational meaning, how Obama elaborates knowledge of reality and makes perception, stand point based on shared ideology and act upon reality could be uncovered. Mood analysis was also done on the data to find out the interpersonal meaning. The last linguistic analysis was the textual function that revealed the frame built by Obama in producing the meaning in his addresses. The procedures that were taken in the analysis are explained step by step as: 1. The sentences in both addresses were carefully seen to see the language features that were chosen. 2. The language features were then labeled according to each kind of function they fit in. 3. The occurrence of each function was presented as a statistic data to see the most significant occurrence which represents the intended meaning. 4. Each significant function was explained further with a consideration on the context to see how the chosen language feature had conveyed the ideology behind Obama‘s addressees. The stages of analysis covered the three meanings which are concerned in the Systemic Functional Linguistic. These stages of analysis described the process of meaning production of Obama‘s inaugural addresses to serve the social function of language in the context of America as a state.

a. Ideational Meaning

First was the grammar of ideational meaning: TRANSITIVITY. The transitivity structures are constructed by linked the ideational choice and logical relations and Mood structures are made by making interpersonal choice. The analysis of transitivity has to do with the processes used in the clauses. The processes are identified by its types of process which are material, mental, relational, verbal, behavioral and existential process. The tendency of the speaker is revealed through these choices of process and the involving participants.

b. Interpersonal Meaning

Second was the grammar of interpersonal meaning: MOOD. The system of Mood and Modality were the keys concept to understand the interpersonal relationship between participants. It was shown by the modality chosen by the speakers. The use of pronouns was also helpful to see the role the speaker plays in discourse. Knowing these aspects uncovered the social creation and maintenance