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B. Theoretical Framework
In order to conduct a systematic research, the writer organizes this theoretical framework that will be the base to accomplish this research. Here are
the basic theories in this theoretical framework; 1. Reasons of code-switching
In answering the first research question which deals about possible reasons of code-switching, the writer bases the theory which was proposed by Lalita
Malik 1994. In her book Socio-Linguistics: A Study of Code-Switching, she defines 10 possible reasons of code-switching. The ten possible reasons of code-
switching are lack of facility, lack of register, mood of the speaker, to emphasize a point, habitual experience, semantic significance, identity with a group, to address
different audience, pragmatic reason, and to attract attention. This theory will be used as the base to discuss possible reasons of code-switching which occured in
Cosmogirl Indonesia Magazine. Actually the writer also used theory which was proposed by Gumperz
1982 as the proponent theory. Gumperz’s theory about addressee specification, message qualification, and personalization will be used as the proponent theory in
this research. The writer found that several theories from Malik 1994 have similar intention with the theory proposed by Gumperz 1982.
2. Advantages and disadvantages of code-switching application In answering the second research question which deals with the readers’
opinion on code-switching phenomenon which occured in Cosmogirl Indonesia Magazine, the writer bases the theories which were proposed by Richard Skiba
27 1997 and Cook 2002. Skiba’s theory was used as the foundation to figure out
the advantages of code-switching application. According to Skiba 1997 as cited in Sert 2005, “the advantage of code switching is it performs as a backing
element in communication of information and in social interaction as it works as a tool for continuity in speech in preference to present interference in language”.
Sert suggests that code- switching works as a bridge from known native language to unknown foreign language where the code switchers can learn the
new words in the foreign language unconsciously. Meanwhile for the disadvantages of code-switching application, the writer uses the theory from Cook
2002. According to Cook, some students who do not have same native language might feel neglected as the application of code switching in a multilingual
classroom. As mentioned above that all theories which are elaborated will be the
framework for this research to analyze. It is expected that all theories presented
can help the writer to answer the problems which are formulated.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology used in this research. This chapter consists of Research Method, Research Participants, Research Instrument, Data
Gathering Technique, Data Analysis Technique, and Research Procedures.
A. Research Method
In this research, a certain methodology was used as a guidance to conduct this research. Since code switching deals with the phenomenon in a society, thus, the
writer used qualitative research. According to Hancock, “qualitative research is concerned with developing explanations of social phenomena. That is to say, it aims
to help us to understand the world in which we live and why things are the way they are” Hancock, 2002:6. In the writer’s opinion, since qualitative research tends to
answer “why things”, it can help him to have in-depth understanding about a social phenomenon that exists in a certain area. In addition, qualitative research equips the
writer to be able to explore feelings, opinion and experiences of people who are involved in it.
Considering this research is an in-depth study which presents further analysis of observing a language phenomenon that exists in society, then it is considered as
descriptive research. According to Ary, Jacobs and Razavieh, descriptive research was designed “to obtain information concerning the current phenomena” Ary,
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