Translation Categories of Translation

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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

A. Theoretical Review

In the Literature Review, the researcher explains about the notions of translation, categories of translation, song translation, multimedia translation, musical devices, and degree of equivalence. In this sub chapter, it is also explained the previous studies, and the background of the object as the soundtrack in a movie and the translated version compiled in one album.

1. Translation

Translation has many different meanings based on different scholars. The widely known meaning and definition of translation is by Nida and Taber. Nida and Taber 1982: 12 state that translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly in terms of meaning, secondly in terms o style. By this definition, we can conclude that translation happens in two different languages, the source language SL and the target language TL. Catford 1962:20 states that translation may be defined as the replacement of textual material in one language Source Language by equivalent textual material in another language Target Language. This is a process in which a meaning from the source language is being transferred to an equivalent meaning in the target language. In other words, the forms are changing but the meaning must be equivalent. In the case of the researcher’s objectives, the researcher agrees with the definition proposed by Nida and Taber. Song translation may not be fully equivalent, but it is the closest natural equivalent in the target language. The lines of the song might change styles although maintaining the same meaning, or the meaning might change while maintaining the same styles.

2. Categories of Translation

As said by Roman Jakobson 1959:2 in his paper entitled “On Linguistic aspe cst of Translation”, there are three categories of translation. The three categories of translation proposed by Jakobson are as follows. a. Intralingual Translation, also known as rewording, is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other sign of the same language. Moreover, in Intralingual Translation, translators use words that are more or less synonymous from the source expression. However, synonyms are not a complete equivalence. Jakobson in his paper states for example “every celibate is a bachelo r, but not every bachelor is a celibate”. Furthermore, a word or an idiomatic phrase-word may be able to only be fully interpreted by explaining or defining the phrase- word. For example, in Jakobson’s paper “Every bachelor is an unmarried man, and every unmarried man is a bachelor.” b. Interlingual Translation is an interpretation of verbal signs, by means of some other language. Furthermore, in Interlangual Translation, Jakobson states that there is no full equivalence between code-units. However, Message may be served across the language and still adequate to carry the meaning. Jakobson furthermore states that translators accept and transmit a message from a source into target. Thus, translation is involved two equivalent messages that carry the meaning in two different languages. c. Intersemiotic Translation, also known as transmutation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign system. Furthermore, in Intersemiotic Translation the translation process that happen conveys the meaning from a source symbol and sign and interpreted into another symbol of a different system symbol.

3. Song Translation