Citizenship and the right to identity: Birth registration

THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN INDONESIA 2000-2010 viii THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN INDONESIA 2000-2010 ix

4.4.7 Education planning, decentralisation and Special Autonomy:

Innovations and challenges 295

4.4.7.1 Education as a development priority 295

4.4.7.2 Musrenbang and community influence over formal education policy 297 4.4.7.3 School-based management and communitypractitioner inputs into education practice 298 4.4.7.4 Other challenges under Special Autonomy: Authority, coordination and budget allocations in Aceh 300 4.4.8 Summary conclusion 303

4.5 Children living on the street in Central Java Province:

The challenges of child special protection 304

4.5.1 Introduction

304 4.5.2 Geography and demography 305

4.5.3 Poverty, human development and gender equity

307 4.5.4 Health, nutrition, water and sanitation, and education 310

4.5.5 Children living on the streets in Central Java

312 4.5.6 Supporting institutional environment for child protection: Provincial level initiatives 319 4.5.6.1 The Bureau of Women’s Empowerment, Child Protection and Family Planning 319 4.5.6.2 Innovations 320 4.5.6.3 Challenges 322

4.5.7 Innovations at the districtmunicipal level:

The Child-Friendly City policy in Surakarta 324 4.5.7.1 Districtmunicipal government initiatives supporting the Child-Friendly City: Integrated Service Units for Surakarta Women and Children PTPAS and the Family Welfare Consultation Unit LK3 328 4.5.7.2 The beginning of service delivery in the Child-Friendly City: Halfway houses in Surakarta 330 4.5.7.3 Establishing holistic services in the Child-Friendly City: Foster homes in Surakarta 332 4.5.7.4 New approaches in Surakarta?: The Corrections Office 333

4.5.8 Other issues in the development planning process for child protection

335 4.5.8.1 Children’s voices in the development planning process in Surakarta 335 4.5.8.2 Budgets for child protection 336

4.5.9 Summary conclusion: Child special protection for children living on

the streets in Central Java 337

4.6 The voices of children

338 4.6.1 Introduction 338

4.6.2 Positive approaches to adolescent and child development

338 4.6.3 Child narratives 340 4.6.3.1 Understanding Siti’s story 342 4.6.3.2 Understanding Joko’s story 344

4.6.4 Commonalities in childhood development

344 4.6.5 Policy implications 345 SECTION 5: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 347 Introduction 348

5.1 Summary of the 10 recommendations from this SITAN

349 5.1.1 Recommendation 1: Harmonising the national and local level legal framework in relation to child rights and welfare 349 5.2 Recommendation 2: Mainstreaming the Indonesian Law on Child Protection and other legislation related to child rights and welfare and promoting compliance in national and local regulations, guidelines, and policies 350

5.3 Recommendation 3: Improving evidence-based policymaking -

Reducing data deficiencies 351

5.4 Recommendation 4: Improving evidence-based policymaking - Producing

biennial thematic SITAN of women and children and other key public documents 355 5.5 Recommendation 5: Strengthening knowledge management, data collection and analysis systems at the national and local levels 356 5.6 Recommendation 6: Establishing a comprehensive National Child Special Protection System to uphold and monitor child rights and welfare as mandated by the Indonesian Law on Child Protection 358

5.6.1 Service delivery

359 5.6.2 Preventionbehaviour change 360

5.7 Recommendation 7: Promoting equitable development for women and children -

Targeting interventions on worst performers to improve poverty reduction, pro-poor growth and MDGs with equity 361 5.7.1 MDG progress requiring special attention 362

5.7.2 Disparities

362 5.8 Recommendation 8: Strengthening the decentralised system through local level capacity building and support in development planning processes - Improving consultative planning processes, regulations, policy formulation, programme design and service delivery to be pro-child and pro-women 364 5.8.1 Areas requiring systems strengthening 365

5.8.2 Learning from innovations

367 5.9 Recommendation 9: Advocating the scale up of specific sectoral interventions to improve child rights and welfare and reduce inequity 369 5.9.1 General for all stakeholders 369

5.9.2 Health and nutrition and water and sanitation

370 5.9.3 Education and early childhood development 371

5.9.4 HIV and AIDS

373 5.9.5 Young people 374

5.9.6 Child special protection together with Recommendations 2 and 6 above 375

5.10 Recommendation 10: Communications for development and to assist with

knowledge building and behavioural change to support other targeted interventions and improve the situation of women and children in Indonesia 377 ANNEX 379