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• Increased budget allocation for junior secondary with the adoption of catchment areas. • Improve education service facilities for children with special needs.
For GoI with the support of UNICEF and other agencies: • Identifying reliable predictors of early school leaving to develop effective responses to the
problem. To that effect, knowledge, attitudes and perceptions surveys should be conducted among educational staff, parents and students in primary and junior secondary schools, as
well as among young people who didn’t transition and left schools early to the extent that these young people can be identified to identify the perceived and actual constraints and
barriers hampering a smooth transition and participation in junior secondary education.
• Support peace studies in curriculum development, particularly in ethnically and religiously diverse areas or areas prone to conflict.
• Mainstreaming via pre-service training for teachers at the university level. • Supporting the government to train volunteers in skills for home visits to improve parents’
capacity to apply appropriate care practices in the family and community. • Design initiatives to encourage teachers in urban areas where there are high teacher to
student ratios beyond national targets to relocate to understaffed rural areas. • Review of existing life skills and developmentupdate of a comprehensive life skills
programme for youth, encompassing different sectors i.e., HIV and AIDS, WASH, nutrition, etc..
• Considering the demographic situation of Indonesia, explore expanding the compulsory education period.
• Mass communication and social mobilisation activities in schools and in communities need to be used to increase awareness and demand for good quality basic education, with a strong
focus on changing attitudes and behaviours from students and parents. • Develop strategies to prevent violence in schools.
• Ensure that clean water and sanitation facilities at schools are accessible and meet girls’ needs, and are not reserved in practice for use by teachers only.
• Review of BOS and other social welfare systems to assess their effectiveness in promoting higher transition and completion rates at the junior secondary level. These reviews could lead
to capacity building interventions for the government to better target and develop strategies for financing children from poor families to tackle the economic factors that are often behind
early school leaving.
For UNICEF and other agencies: • Provide technical assistance to local and provincial governments to further scale up good
practice and schools-based management methods. • Assisting with the production of training materials on good practices for quality education
including school-based curriculum planning and sustainable school-based planning and management potentially in collaboration with KCCs.
• Share materials and initiatives in the formulation of training materials on good practices for quality education including school-based curriculum planning and sustainable school-based
planning and management with underperforming districts and provinces in the education sector.
5.9.4 HIV AND AIDS
For GoI: • Overall, aim to mitigate the spread of HIV through providing universal access to treatment.
• Ensure that a comprehensive life skills education programme, including HIV and AIDS
awareness and knowledge of reproductive health, is developed and mainstreamed. • Provide assistance to local governments to synchronise government and civil society
initiatives in HIV prevention and care. • Include all relevant stakeholders in the design of HIV prevention policies and strategies that at
present are not always well coordinated or inclusive of all relevant parties. • Allocate more resources to state-based institutions to care for affected populations.
• In the interim, empower and support communities families and CSOs to provide home- based care to affected populations.
• Improve the provision of and use of services for Voluntary Counselling and Testing VCT and support and treatment for pregnant women with HIV and for youth.
• Promote provider-initiated testing and counselling PITC among pregnant women. • Provide both pre- and postnatal and immediate treatment for HIV-infected mothers and
children with antiretroviral ARV drugs and co-trimoxazole GoI with the support of UNICEF andor other donors.
• Increase the proportion of HIV-positive women and children receiving free antiretroviral therapy ART.
• Provide full integration of PMTCT services into the antenatal care package, and develop ‘PMTCT Plus’ package focusing on ensuring continuum of care for motherinfant pairs i.e.,
follow-up ART, nutrition components, etc..
For GoI with the support of UNICEF and other agencies: • Improve monitoring of the following:
o HIV prevalence among the population aged 15-24 years o condom use at last high-risk sex
o proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV
and AIDS o ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14
years o proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to ARV drugs
• Promote community and school education programmes to reduce cultural barriers and increase a comprehensive understanding of HIV and AIDS to reduce the stigmatisation of
infected populations. Also educate on the use of safe sex practices, needle sharing, etc., particularly in Papua, Aceh, and other high-risk areas.
• In the case of Papua, include tribal and religious leaders in culturally appropriate education initiatives to assist with improving understanding and reducing resistance to practices that
reduce the risk of HIV infection. • Continued support and education programmes for most-at-risk adolescents MARA - sex
workers, men who have sex with men MSM, transgenderists waria, injecting drug users IDU, and especially vulnerable adolescents GoI with the support of UNICEFother donors.
• Promote comprehensive behaviour change programmes for intimate partners of the above populations.
• Establish mechanismslinkages with child special protection interventions to: o remove children from harmful environments and to provide them with support
o to identify factors which lead to such situations to aid prevention
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• Strengthen special initiatives to target and disseminate information on HIV and AIDS prevention and trends, and support service availability to migrant and transient populations
as well as partners and families of these vulnerable populations. • Develop information dissemination campaigns in hard to reach areas and rural areas where
the prevalence of HIV infection is higher. At present, in Papua, for example, many of the initiatives are in urban areas.
• Use focus group discussions and other innovative and participatory mechanisms, such as peer education or sport for development, that can encourage the dissemination of information
on safe sex amongst childrenadolescents themselves, in addition to other prevention mechanisms for HIV infection.
• Conduct rapid assessment of the socio-economic situation of affected households, at least in high prevalence areas. In addition, social schemes and safety nets should be reviewed to
ensure that they are HIV sensitive. • Assist local government AIDS Commissions to translate national policies into practice and to
use locally relevant terms and dialects. • Counselling on infant feeding should be provided to HIV-infected pregnant women, partners
and families GoI with the support of UNICEFother donors. For UNICEF and other agencies:
• Provide technical support and capacity building to provincial and districts AIDS Commissions to enable them to better coordinate and monitor the multi-sectoral response to HIV and AIDS
in their respective provinces especially in light of the ‘3 Ones’. • In certain regions, such as Papua, additional technical support needs to be provided in terms
of planning and budgeting e.g., to address situations where funds are available, but not used, or used for non-priority interventions.
5.9.5 YOUNG PEOPLE
For GoI with the support of UNICEF and other agencies: • Support the capacity development of the Ministry of Youth and Sports to enable better
coordination of policies related to youth, and increased advocacy for other sectors to pay special attention to young people.
• Develop a set of indicators or review the analysis including disaggregation of existing indicators
5
at national and provincial levels to assess progress with respect to domains related to adolescentyouth well-being, as well as relevant aspects of the MDGs, the CRC, and other
statements and obligations to which Indonesia is a signatory. Significant efforts also need to be made to gather information about how children and young people perceive their lives,
how far they feel their rights are respected and what are their priority concerns. These data could be compiled at provincialdistrict levels and will constitute a national baseline for an
adolescent rights index. It will then be possible to use this for inter-district comparison and as a ‘national thermometer’ of youth status, and also be useful in updating national policy to
incorporate emerging trends.
• Create strategies to redress employment issues for young people and the fact that in some cases the education system is not tailored to provide skills needed in the job market.
5 In the case of existing indicators, UNICEF will advocate for the greater disaggregation and updating of data. Data breakdown at provincial and district levels, as a means to assess and certify efforts in favour of children, will be also developed.
5.9.6 CHILD SPECIAL PROTECTION TOGETHER WITH RECOMMENDATIONS 2 AND 6 ABOVE
For GoI: • Establish a comprehensive child protection system at national and sub-national levels.
Priorities for a comprehensive child protection system include strengthened service delivery and prevention systems, promoting family-based care, developing a child-sensitive justice
system, and promoting restorative justice for child offenders.
• Strengthen inter-departmental and inter-agency referral networks to ensure quality and decentralised services for women and child survivors of abuse, violence and exploitation.
• Ensure that there is adequate funding for state-based child and family welfare institutions and for the provision of social workers.
• Establish training institutions to turn out high quality professional social workers. • Upgrade the status of social workers to that of a professional, well-respected cadre of social
workers. • Enforce the ILCP and establish strategies to prevent children from suffering from the many
types of violence, abuse, exploitation and neglect discussed in this report. • Link cash transfer systems and other strategies to mitigate economic and other shocks for
families to child special protection, to increase resilience and decrease the vulnerability of children.
For GoI with the support of UNICEF and other agencies: • Strengthen a national and sub-national child protection information management system in
collaboration with KCCs and universities by scaling up current pilots to collect routine data on key child protection indicators in order to inform policy, planning and budget allocations.
• Support capacity building of service providers through government or through government- CSO partnerships to be able to provide family-based support and alternative care for
vulnerable children UNICEF andor other donors. • Strengthen the district Ofice of Social Affairs to provide child welfare oficers social workers
with the skills and training to provide multi-sectoral and holistic approaches to child and family welfare while ensuring child rights.
• Children in conlict with the law: o Institutionalise and disseminate more information and legal aid for children in conflict
with the law, as well as child-friendly hearings, alternative sentencing such as community service and monitoring of these cases both during hearings and after alternative
sentencing.
o Separate children who are incarcerated from adults support the provision of resources and services in correctional facilities to make this possible.
o Work with national and local police and courtsbar association on guidelines for providing protection for child offenders and witnesses and the provision of legal aid GoI with the
support of UNICEF andor other donors. • Birth registrations:
o Continue to advocate for universal birth registration and free birth registration and the adoption of these principles into district regulations and service provision.
o Explore the use of alternative technologies to increase birth registration. • Alternative care institutions:
o Promote family care first - including family, kinship and foster care - use institutionalisation of children in need of care as a last response.
o Create a registration, standards and accreditation system for alternative care institutions and enforce sanctions for non-compliance.
