HIV AND AIDS RECOMMENDATION 9: ADVOCATING THE SCALE UP OF SPECIFIC

THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN INDONESIA 2000-2010 376 THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN INDONESIA 2000-2010 377 o Create guidelines for alternative care institutions to carry out assessments on whether children require alternative care or could in fact be supported by other services and remain in the home. o Monitor childcare institutions to ensure that they meet quality assurance standards on child rights and welfare, that violence is not a sanctioned form of punishment in these institutions, that adequate food and nutrients, access to health care and education, as well as space for play are provided. o Link government agencies providing welfare support for children and families particularly in education to childcare institutions so that following assessment, if it is ascertained that children do not need alternative care but rather require other support services, then these are accessible and available. o Provide financial and spiritual support for families who have placed their children in orphanages to create space for the children to return home - monitor the transition and the welfare of the child following the return. o Ensure that staff of alternative care institutions have the skills and training necessary to ensure child rights and welfare, and increase monitoring of this. o Ensure that the chores children undertake in these alternative care institutions are not actually ‘work’, and that if children are engaged in work that they do not work longer than the legal maximum number of working hours by age and that the work is not hazardous. • Working children: o Identify families with working children under the legal work age or who are working longer hours than the legal maximum - provide financial and other support services for these families and education in the detrimental effects of work for children. o Enforce penalties and sanctions for those who employ children and contravene national laws and regulations, particularly for those from outside the home who exploit child labour. In the case of poor families who encourage their children to work, education and alternative support should be the first avenue of intervention and only in the case that there are repeat violations of the law should sanctions be implemented. • Children living on the streets: o Monitor the treatment of children living on the streets by the police, and encourage alternative care and other support service provision rather than incarceration. o Educate police in child rights and the appropriate treatment of children, and develop guidelines for cases involving children living on the streets. • Traficked children: o Develop strategies to prevent the hidden trafficking of children and the forced internment of children as domestic staff. o Provide child victims of trafficking with social rehabilitation, return assistance, social reintegration and monitoring of their progress. o Enforce penalties and sanctions for those who work with or facilitate child trafficking. • Children forced into sex work: o Identify sex workers with children or who have influence over children forced into sex work. Provide education and support for these sex workers so that they discourage children from becomingremaining sex workers in order to break intra-familial cycles of sex work and promote alternative options for children forced into sex work. o Provide support programmes for children formerly forced into sex work to find alternative forms of employmentsubsistence. o Enforce penalties and sanctions for those who work with or facilitate child prostitution. o Support capacity building of service providers through government or CSOs to be able to provide alternative care for children forced into sex work. o Investigate the reasons for forcing children into sex work, i.e., trafficking or poverty. For UNICEF and other agencies: • Promote the enforcement of laws and regulations on protecting children from abuse, violence and exploitation, including exploitative child labour. • Continue to advocate for the ratiication of 1 the draft Bill on the Juvenile Justice System RUU Sistim Peradilan Anak, and 2 the draft Law on Children in the Correctional System RUU Sistim Pemasyarakatan, and for the translation of these bills together with the National Plan of Action on the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons and Sexual Exploitation of Children Rencana Aksi Nasional Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang PTPPO dan Eksploitasi Seksual Anak ESA into local policies and practice UNICEF and other donors. • Monitor the provision of child and family welfare GoI with the support of UNICEFother donors.

5.10 RECOMMENDATION 10: COMMUNICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT

AND TO ASSIST WITH KNOWLEDGE BUILDING AND BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE TO SUPPORT OTHER TARGETED INTERVENTIONS AND IMPROVE THE SITUATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN INDONESIA Recommendation for: National and local level GoI in partnership with UNICEF and other stakeholders For GoI with the support of UNICEF and other agencies: • Make C4D an integral part of key government programmes to encourage active community participation and create sustained behavioural and social change. This can be achieved by establishing a consultative and oversight mechanism through which key government programmes, starting at the planning stage, are reviewed to ensure that the C4D approach is mainstreamed. • Develop an umbrella C4D strategy for government programmes that includes prioritisation of behavioural and social change issues, so that limited government resources can be focused on attaining high-impact behavioural and social change results enhancing health, improving quality of education and the protection of children. Specific C4D strategies for particular programmes should be developed to identify enabling and disabling factors related to desired behavioural and social changes, and deliver technical inputs related to C4D activities. • Increase investment in inancial and human resources in C4D so that C4D programmes are adequately funded and staffed, in support of preventative approaches as well as curative. This approach should be backed by increased budgetary commitments from the government to support social mobilisation and community empowerment programmes such as PHBS healthy and clean lifestyle, Desa Siaga alert village and UKS school health initiative. This also means continuous capacity strengthening of concerned government staff and institutions that goes beyond traditional training to include institution strengthening and technical assistance. • Build a better understanding on behavioural, social and cultural causes of poverty and inequity. Through an accumulation of knowledge of non-income causes of multiple vulnerabilities, a C4D intervention can be designed based on evidence not only to address behaviours, but also to tackle underlying and root causes. This can be implemented through THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN INDONESIA 2000-2010 378 THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN INDONESIA 2000-2010 379 collaboration in behaviour, social and cultural research with academia, research institutes and think tanks to ensure research quality and to tap into their existing knowledge. • Establish or strengthen coordination mechanisms under a clear lead ministry, to avoid duplication and redundancy, ensure concerted actions are taken, and limited resources and networks are pooled together to achieve behavioural and social changes on a larger scale. Ministries such as the Ministry of Communication and Information Menkominfo and the Ministry of Religious Affairs should be engaged in C4D programming in support of inter- sector collaboration and cross fertilisation between agencies working on common, multi- sector issues such as pandemic diseases, HIVAIDS, adolescent reproductive health and hygiene practices. • Strengthen partnerships in support of C4D to engage a broader range of actors including community groups, public and private sector. This includes civil society organisations, faith based organisations, women’s organisations, youth organisations, and professional associations. Successful existing partnerships such as that between the Ministry of Health and faith based organisations should be developed in other sectors such as child protection and education. Serious efforts must be taken to involve the private sector in public-private partnerships that promote life saving behaviours such as hand washing, safe water treatment and diarrheal management. Increase utilisation of affordable and accessible information and communication technologies such as cellular phones for behavioural and social change purposes, reaching audiences more effectively and efficiently. New technology enables both provision of information on various key practices, and mobile data collection for research purposes, as well as potential for developing customised messages to specific audiences in a particular geographic location. ANNEX