49
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
The previous chapter has reviewed the relevant theories to the research. Whereas this chapter discusses the research method used to conduct the research.
It is divided into seven aspects. They are research design, setting of the research, subject of the research, data collection techniques, data analysis, validity and
reliability, and the last is the procedure of the research.
A. Research Design
This research is an action research study. Greenwood Levin 2006: 3 define action research as social research carried out by a team that encompasses a
professional action researcher and the members of an organization, community, or network who are seeking to improve the participants situation.
From the definition above, it could be stated that action research involved
action
. It aimed to bring a positive improvement especially in education contexts. It was also
research
since it required collecting and analyzing data. At last, it was
collaborative
which meant that the researcher conducted the research and the activity inside together with the English teacher and the participants to examine
the classroom. This research focused on the effort to improve the students’ English
speaking skills in class VII B of SMPN 2 Patuk by using videos. This research was implemented in the form of collaborative action research. It was conducted
with the English teacher and the students of class VII B.
50
B. Setting of the Research
1. Place
The research was conducted in SMPN 2 Patuk. It is located in Jln. Yogyakarta-Wonosari Km 24, Putat, Patuk, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. This
school had 10 classrooms with 3 classes for grade VII, 4 classes for grade VIII, and 3 classes for grade IX. This school did not have language laboratory but there
were science and computer laboratories. This school was completed with a library, teacher’s office, headmaster office, a mosque, a meeting room, a school health
unit, canteens, toilets, basketball field, and volleyball field.
2. Time
This action research was started with an observation on 1
st
April 2015. The observation was conducted to identify the problems in the teaching and learning
process in Class VII B of SMPN 2 Patuk. There were two cycles in this research with three meetings on each cycle. The first cycle was conducted on 8
th
, 11
th
, and 15
th
April 2015, while the second cycle was on 18
th
, 22
nd
, and 25
th
April 2015. There are also pre-test and post-
test to assess the students’ speaking skills. The pre-test was done on 4
th
April 2015 and the post-test was on 29
th
April 2015.
C. Subject of the Research
The research involved the English teacher as the collaborator and the students at Class VII B of SMPN 2 Patuk as the participants. There were 17 male
students and 13 female students which the total was 30 students. The researcher decided to conduct the research in this class since the English teacher as the
51
collaborator recommended this class. Besides, based on the observation and some interviews with the English teacher and the students, there were more problems in
the teaching and learning process in this class, for instances many students made noise in the whole activity and did not want to focus to the lesson. They easily got
bored during the lesson then disturb the other students. Therefore, the researcher decided to use attractive and educative videos to improve their speaking skills.
D. Data Collection Techniques
In this research, the collected data were qualitative in nature. The data were taken from the description of teaching learning activities through observations and
from the interviews with the English teacher and the students. However, there were quantitati
ve data which were derived from the students’ pre-test and post-test mean scores. The instruments used are observation checklists and interview
guidelines. The data from interviews and observations were transferred into interview transcripts and vignettes. The quantitative data were obtained from
students’ pre-test and post-test scores by using speaking rubric as the instrument.
E. Data Analysis
The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative data in this research. The qualitative data were analyzed through five steps data analysis which is
proposed by Mckernan 1996 in Burns 1999: 157-160. Those are assembling the data, coding the data, comparing the data, building interpretation, and
reporting the outcomes.
52
The researcher followed all of the data analysis steps above. First, the researcher collected the data from the observations and interviews in the form of
vignettes and interview transcripts. Then, the data were scanned to be analyzed in the next stage. In the coding data stage, the data were categorized and the amounts
of the data are reduced to be more specific. After that, the next step was comparing the data to see the similarities between the data. The next, the
researcher interpreted the data after went through the previous stage. The final step was reporting or presenting the outcomes of the research. The findings of the
research must be well supported by the data. Meanwhile, the quantitative data which were gained through assessing
students’ speaking performances were analyzed by using Microsoft Excels. This program was used to find out the mean scores of each speaking aspect based on
the speaking rubric used. The analysis was done for both pre-test and post-test scores. Hence, the result of the analysis was used to find out the improvement of
the students’ speaking skills.
F. Validity and Reliability
To fulfill the validity of this research, the researcher used five criteria of validity of the data proposed by Anderson
et al
in Burns 1999: 161-162. They are democratic validity, outcome validity, process validity, catalytic validity and
dialogic validity.
Kategori