Subject of the Research

53 1. Democratic validity This validity is related to the stakeholder’s chance to give their personal opinion, ideas, and comments about the implication of this action research. To fulfill the democratic validity in this research, the researcher discussed the activities together with the English teacher as the collaborator and the students in Class VII B of SMPN 2 Patuk through interviews. They would be given the opportunities to share their ideas, comments and suggestions toward the teaching learning process the researcher did. 2. Outcome Validity This validity refers to the notion of actions leading to the outcomes that are “successful” within the research context. To fulfill this validity, the researcher should do all the research processes maximally to solve the problems and improve the students’ speaking skills. 3. Process Validity The researcher collected the data by doing observation and taking notes to obtain the process validity. The English teacher as the collaborator helped the researcher by fulfilling the observation checklist. The researcher noted anything happened and all activities in the teaching and learning process in the form of vignettes. The researcher also conducted interviews with the collaborator and the students to get more data related to the learning process. The four steps in conducting action research proposed by Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns 1999 then were used to fulfill the process validity. Those are reconnaissance, planning, action and observation, and reflection. 54 4. Catalytic Validity A research is valid if all participants are able to deepen their understanding of the social realities of the context and how they can make change within it. The students’ perceptions related to the problems in this research were monitored and they were assisted in the implementation of the actions in order to allow them to deepen their understanding and they can make change within it. 5. Dialogic Validity Dialogic Validity is a process of peer review that is commonly used in academic research. In this research, there were interviews with the English teacher and students to settle on the next actions. The interviews were related to the implementation of the use of videos in the teaching learning process including the strengths and weaknesses to be improved in the next cycle. To fulfill the reliability or trustworthiness of the data, the researcher used time and investigator triangulation proposed by Burns 1999: 164. In this research, time triangulation was employed since the data were collected over a period of time to identify the factors entailed in the process. This research was conducted from 1 st April 2015 to 29 th April 2015. Then, the researcher used investigator triangulation in which there was another observer who was the English teacher as the collaborator in the same research setting to avoid observer bias and provide checks on the reliability of the observations. The researcher and the collaborator observed the teaching and learning process and collected the data from the teaching learning process conducted by the researcher.